Body Mass Index Mediates the Effects of Low Income on Preschool Children's Executive Control, with Implications for Behavior and Academics

Tandon, Pooja; Thompson, Stephanie F.; Moran, Lyndsey; Lengua, Liliana J.

doi:10.1089/chi.2014.0071

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Following Cipriano and Stifter's () procedures, we created a composite EC score by weighting each scale according to its total number of items and then summing the three products together. Composite scores are recommended and commonly used (Allan & Lonigan, ; Belfort et al ., ; Sulik, Blair, Mills‐Koonce, & Greenberg, ; Tandon, Thompson, Moran, & Lengua, ), as they increase scale reliability, reduce random error, and provide parsimony (Holmes et al ., ; Rushton, Brainerd, & Pressley, ). Higher scores indicated stronger EC, α = .83.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sleep in the relation between young children's mobile media use and effortful control

Nathanson

Beyens

2017

British J of Dev Psycho

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We explored the relations among young children's mobile media use, sleep, and a form of self-regulation, temperamental effortful control (EC), among a national sample of 402 mothers who completed an online survey. We found that the relation between mobile media use and EC was moderated by children's sleep time. Tablet use was negatively related to EC only among children who slept less at night (40% of our sample). However, hand-held game player use was positively related to EC among children who slept longer at night (60% of our sample). In addition, sleep quality was a mediator in the relation between evening tablet use and EC. Evening use related to later bedtimes, more bedtime resistance, and worse sleep duration, and these indicators of poor sleep quality, in turn, predicted weaker EC. Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?Young children are spending increasing amounts of time with mobile media, such as tablets and hand-held game players. Media exposure is related to children's self-regulation. Media exposure is related to children's sleep quality. What does this study adds?Number of sleep hours moderates the relation between mobile media use and EC among young children. Tablet time is negatively related to EC among young children who get fewer sleep hours. Hand-held game playing is positively related to EC among young children who get greater sleep hours. Sleep quality mediates the relation between evening tablet time and EC among young children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sleep in the relation between young children's mobile media use and effortful control

Nathanson

Beyens

2017

British J of Dev Psycho

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“…44,74,75 Poor EF may contribute to obesity risk by reducing self-regulation capacity, but the association could be bidirectional. 44,55,74 Experimental studies in adults have shown that EF skills, particularly working memory, can improve after dietary changes 76 and surgically-induced weight loss.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Ef – Pediatric Obesity Association Are Poorly mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Processes and Pediatric Obesity Interventions

Miller

2016

Pediatric Clinics of North America

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Summary Childhood obesity is a significant problem in the United States, yet current childhood obesity prevention programming approaches have limited efficacy. Self-regulation is a set of processes (e.g., cognitive control, emotion coping) that organize behavior in order to achieve a goal. As such, self-regulation may shape health behaviors and over time, long-term health outcomes. Obesity-prevention approaches that incorporate a focus on the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms that underlie self-regulation early in the lifespan may therefore lead to better outcomes. Executive functioning (EF) is a central aspect of self-regulation; skills include attention, working memory, and inhibitory control. Deficits in these areas are associated with higher weight status in children. The current paper reviews the development of EF from childhood to adolescence, identifies social-contextual influences on EF development, presents how different aspects of EF relate to behaviors known to be associated with increased risk for childhood obesity, and considers how EF-weight associations may change across development. Implications for intervention, including the need to consider the direction of association and possibility of bidirectional associations, the multiple potential pathways between EF and weight status, and a brief review of EF-enhancement intervention approaches are discussed.

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“…In support, a relationship between early changes in feeding and HPA-axis functioning has been demonstrated in humans 9 . Regarding cognition, there is consistent evidence linking maternal obesity, which can influence neonatal nutrition, with lower cognitive function in children 10 , such as lower performance in pattern construction 11 , lower executive control functions 12 , 13 , and reduced action monitoring 14 . These cognitive impairments can have negative implications for daily life functioning and express a need for intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small litter size impairs spatial memory and increases anxiety- like behavior in a strain-dependent manner in male mice

Salari

Samadi²,

Homberg³

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Early life overfeeding is associated with cognitive decline and anxiety-like behaviors in later life. It is not clear whether there are individual differences in the effects of early life overfeeding and what the underlying mechanistic pathways are. We investigated the long-lasting effects of small litter size, an experimental manipulation to induce neonatal overfeeding, in two strains of mice, C57BL/6 and NMRI. We measured body weight, learning and memory, anxiety-related behaviors, interleukin-(IL)-1β and brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus, and both basal and stress corticosterone levels in adult mice which have been nursed in small litters compared with those from control litters. Our findings showed that small litter size led to increased body weight in both strains of mice. Small litter size significantly decreased spatial memory and hippocampal BDNF levels, and increased hippocampal IL-1β, in NMRI mice, but not C57BL/6 mice. Interestingly, we found that small litter size resulted in a significant increase in anxiety-like behaviors and stress-induced corticosterone in NMRI mice, whereas small litter size reduced anxiety-like symptoms and stress-induced corticosterone levels in C57BL/6 mice. These data show that small litter size, which is life-long associated with increased body weight, affects memory and anxiety-related behaviors in a strain-dependent manner in male mice. This suggests that there are individual differences in the developmental consequences of early life overfeeding.

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Body Mass Index Mediates the Effects of Low Income on Preschool Children's Executive Control, with Implications for Behavior and Academics

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

The role of sleep in the relation between young children's mobile media use and effortful control

The role of sleep in the relation between young children's mobile media use and effortful control

Neurocognitive Processes and Pediatric Obesity Interventions

Small litter size impairs spatial memory and increases anxiety- like behavior in a strain-dependent manner in male mice

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