Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and the Risk of Decline in Overall Health and Physical Functioning in Late Middle Age

He, Xiaoxing Z.; Baker, David W.

doi:10.2105/ajph.94.9.1567

Cited by 128 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, the construct validity and the predictive validity of the LTPA questions appear good: we have previously reported that people who are overweight and obese performed less LTPA, and individuals who performed more LTPA were less likely to have a decline in overall health and physical functioning. 12 The validity of self-reported WRPA is less clear, and this is an important area for future research. The lack of an association between WRPA and health outcomes may be due to imprecise measurement of WRPA or from some physiologic difference between WRPA and LTPA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Population studies have shown that LTPA is a predictor of coronary heart disease, [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] overall health, and physical functioning. 12 However, it has not been clearly shown that higher levels of WRPA lead to better health. 10,37,38 Thus, lower levels of LTPA among the less educated help explain socioeconomic disparities in health, as well as health disparities for blacks and Latinos as a result of the lower educational attainment among these groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 In addition, we previously reported that WRPA was not associated with the risk of declines in health status and physical functioning. 12 Few studies have examined the relationships between race, ethnicity, SES, health, and physical activity in all areas of living. Brownson et al surveyed U.S. women age 40 and older.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Differences in leisure-time, household, and work-related physical activity by race, ethnicity, and education

2005

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Background: Racial and ethnic minority groups have lower levels of leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) than whites, but it is unclear how much of this is explained by differences in socioeconomic status and health. Objective: To examine differences in LTPA, work‐related physical activity (WRPA; heavy household chores and strenuous job activities), and total physical activity (TPA) by race, ethnicity, and education. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross‐sectional analyses of data from the 1992 Health and Retirement Study for a nationally representative cohort of 9,621 community‐dwelling adults aged 51–61 years. Measurements: Physical activity scores for LTPA, WRPA, and TPA based upon self‐reported frequency of light or vigorous recreational activities, heavy household chores, and strenuous job‐related physical activities. Main Results: LTPA was lower for blacks and Hispanics compared to whites, and LTPA steadily declined with lower levels of education. WRPA showed the reverse pattern, being lowest for whites and persons with greater education. Education was far more important than race/ethnicity as a determinant of LTPA and WRPA in multivariate analyses. After adjusting for differences in overall health and physical functioning, mean TPA scores were similar across racial/ethnic and education categories; blacks (β=1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5 to 1.5) and Spanish‐speaking Hispanics (β=1.1; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.9) had slightly higher levels of TPA than whites (P<.01 and P=.01, respectively). Conclusions: Differences in educational attainment and health status accounted for virtually all of the racial and ethnic differences in LTPA. After accounting for WRPA, TPA was similar across race, ethnicity, and education subgroups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in leisure-time, household, and work-related physical activity by race, ethnicity, and education

2005

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“…Adult obesity has been associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, primarily affecting the lower limbs, [9][10][11][12][13] but comparative data in children are scarce. Some musculoskeletal disorders that are unique to childhood, such as slipped capital femoral epiphysis 14 and tibia vara (Blount's disease), 15 [16][17][18][19] Although these few studies imply that childhood obesity may predispose children to musculoskeletal problems, convincing empirical verifi cation is currently lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal Problems in Overweight and Obese Children

Krul¹,

Wouden²,

Schellevis³

et al. 2009

The Annals of Family Medicine

102

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PURPOSEThe obesity epidemic in children is spreading at alarming rates. Because musculoskeletal problems can infl uence physical activity, we compared the frequency of musculoskeletal problems in overweight and obese children with that in normal-weight children.METHODS We performed a cross-sectional database and face-to-face interview study that included 2,459 children aged 2 to 17 years from Dutch family practices. We collected data on self-reported height and weight (body mass index), self-reported musculoskeletal problems in the 2 weeks before the interview, number of family physician consultations for musculoskeletal problems in 1 year, and age (2 age-groups were analyzed: 2 to 11 years and 12 to 17 years, because of the proxy interview in the youngest age-group). We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confi dence interval (CI) for musculoskeletal problems in overweight and obese children, compared with normal-weight children.RESULTS Overweight and obese children in both age-groups (2 to 11 years and 12 to 17 years) reported signifi cantly more musculoskeletal problems (OR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.18-2.93; and OR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.08-2.65, respectively) than normal-weight children. The total group of children who were overweight or obese reported more lower extremity problems than did the normal-weight children (OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.09-2.41); furthermore, they reported more ankle and foot problems than children who were of normal weight (OR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1. 15-3.20). Overweight and obese children aged 12 to 17 years consulted their family physicians more often with lower extremity problems than did the normal-weight children (OR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.05-3.51).CONCLUSION This study shows that overweight and obese children more frequently experience musculoskeletal problems than do normal-weight children.

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“…In spite of the encouraging results on the potential that physical activity has in ameliorating functional limitations or postponing them to later life on the population level, the results for obese persons are inconsistent [54][55][56][57][58]. Brach et al showed with data from a 14-year follow-up to a walking intervention trial that consistent physical activity compensated for the detrimental influence of obesity among older community-dwelling women.…”

Section: The Progression Of Functional Limitations and Physical Activmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of functional limitations in relation to physical activity: a life course approach

Bonsdorff

Rantanen

2010

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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In this minireview, we summarize the research results to date on the progression of functional limitations and the role of physical activity during the life course in preventing risk factor accumulation. In addition, socioeconomic and health disparities play a role in the development process of functional limitation throughout life. We discuss the potential role of physical activity in alleviating this process. Functional limitations usually develop gradually over an extended period of time while the level of physical functioning varies greatly already from midlife onwards. Current research strongly suggests that physical activity has a beneficial effect on functional limitations at different life stages on the population level. However, the potential impact of physical activity in alleviating the effects caused by socioeconomic disparities is inconsistent. Research findings are also conflicting on the extent of the effect of physical activity among certain subsets of the population, such as obese persons. Although the benefits of physical activity on physical impairments and functioning among the adult population have been confirmed, the number of adults who are physically active is too low and, for the majority, physical activity declines with older age. Thus, detailed research evidence is needed for designing effective preventive interventions starting from earlier ages and continuing throughout the lifespan across different subgroups in the population.

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Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and the Risk of Decline in Overall Health and Physical Functioning in Late Middle Age

Abstract: Maintaining ideal body weight is important in preventing decline in overall health and physical functioning. However, regular exercise can reduce the risk of health decline even among individuals who cannot achieve ideal weight.

Cited by 128 publications

References 33 publications

Differences in leisure-time, household, and work-related physical activity by race, ethnicity, and education

Differences in leisure-time, household, and work-related physical activity by race, ethnicity, and education

Musculoskeletal Problems in Overweight and Obese Children

Progression of functional limitations in relation to physical activity: a life course approach

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