Body mass, plasma leptin, glucose, insulin and C-peptide in offspring of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers

To investigate gender differences, if any, in leptin concentrations from umbilical cord blood of new born infants of mothers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and Non diabetic (ND) at delivery. Serum leptin concentrations were measured in 105 newborns (53 males and 52 females in the three groups). Blood was taken from the umbilical cord of the babies at delivery. Maternal anthropometric measurements were recorded within 48 hours after delivery. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore the relationship between serum leptin concentrations and anthropometric measures of the fetus and their mother. Both Serum leptin level and serum C-peptide was measured by chemiluminescence based ELISA. The median range of leptin concentration in cord blood was ND group: Male [13.91 (3.22 – 47.63)], Female [16.88 (2 – 43.65)]; GDM group: Male [32 (7 – 76.00)], Female [36.73 (4.80 – 81.20)]; DM group: Male [20.90 (2 –76.00)], Female [32 {2.58 – 80.67)]. Cord serum leptin levels correlated with birth weight(r=0.587, p=0.0001), ponderal index (PI) (r=.319, p=0.024)of the babies and body mass index (BMI) (r=−0.299, p=0.035) of their mothers but did not correlate with gestational age, cord serum C-peptide concentration or placental weight at delivery. Leptin concentrations were higher in the female fetus in comparison to the male fetus. Birth weight of the female fetuses were also higher than that of male fetus. We found that there are very strong associations between cord leptin concentrations at delivery and birth weight, ponderal index of the baby, body mass index of the mothers with Type 2 DM. We also found that high leptin levels could represent an important feedback modulator of substrate supply and subsequently for adipose tissue status during late gestation or adipose tissue is the major determinant of circulating leptin levels.

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“…Placental production of leptin might be responsible for hyperinsulinemia in the offspring of DM mother. [20]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in serum leptin concentrations from umbilical cord blood of newborn infants born to nondiabetic, gestational diabetic and type-2 diabetic mothers

Jahan

Zinnat²,

Hassan³

et al. 2009

Int J Diab Dev Ctries

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“…Although many studies describe the association of intrauterine exposure to diabetes with overweight and/or obesity in infants (3, 10, 26), children (1,4,8,9), and adolescents (11,13), obesity only partially contributes to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). More recently, Goran et al (16) reported that among overweight Latino children with a family history of T2DM, IGT was more prevalent in those children who were exposed to gestational diabetes; this association was not influenced by obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Plasma Insulin Levels after a Mixed-Meal Challenge in Children with and without Intrauterine Exposure to Diabetes

Salbe

Lindsay

Collins

et al. 2006

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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“…Similar to a prior study by Plagemann et al (7), in our GDM offspring cohort, low birth weight was not associated with childhood obesity. The focus of most studies of diabetic pregnancies has been on preexisting type 1 or type 2 diabetes (4,6,18,19), or populations with preexisting and gestational diabetes were combined (20,21,4). Here, we explicitly excluded women with preexisting diabetes because diabetic vascular disorders may cause placental dysfunction and intrauterine growth retardation.…”

Section: Birth Weight and Childhood Overweightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Weight and Parental BMI Predict Overweight in Children From Mothers With Gestational Diabetes

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -To investigate the growth of children from pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its association with antenatal maternal, fetal, and recent anthropometric parameters of mother and father. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -In 324 pregnancies of Caucasian womenwith GDM, BMI before pregnancy, maternal glycemic values, and measurements of the fetal abdominal circumference were recorded. The weight and height of infants were measured at birth and at follow-up at 5.4 years (range 2.5-8.5). In addition, somatic data from routine examinations at 6, 12, and 24 months and the BMI of parents at follow-up were obtained. BMI standard deviation scores (SDSs) were calculated based on age-correspondent data.RESULTS -At all time points, BMI was significantly above average (ϩ0.82 SDS at birth; ϩ0.56 at 6, ϩ0.35 at 12, and ϩ0.32 at 24 months; and ϩ0.66 at follow-up; P Ͻ 0.001). BMI at birth was related to BMI at follow-up (r ϭ 0.27, P Ͻ 0.001). The rate of overweight at follow-up was 37% in children with birth BMI Ն90th percentile and 25% in those with normal BMI at birth (P Ͻ 0.05). Abdominal circumference of third trimester and postprandial glucose values were related to BMI at follow-up (r ϭ 0.22 and r ϭ 0.18, P Ͻ 0.01). Recent maternal, paternal, and birth BMI were independent predictors of BMI at follow-up (r ϭ 0.42, P Ͻ 0.001). Sixty-nine percent of children of parents with BMI Ն30 kg/m 2 were overweight at follow-up compared with 20% of those with parental BMI Ͻ30 kg/m 2 (P Ͻ 0.001).CONCLUSIONS -Children of mothers with GDM have a high rate of overweight that is associated both with intrauterine growth and parental obesity. Diabetes Care 28:1745-1750, 2005G estational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reflects a metabolically altered fetal environment due to an increased maternal supply of carbohydrates leading to fetal hyperinsulinism. Stimulation of the insulin-sensitive tissue results in increased fetal growth, predominantly of the abdomen, and delivery of large-forgestational-age newborns. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the implications of fetal hyperinsulinism reach far beyond delivery. Children of mothers with diabetes in pregnancy may develop an increased disposition for obesity and glucose intolerance through a nongenetic "fuel-mediated" mechanism (1-8).Disposition for obesity could be influenced by many factors other than maternal diabetes in pregnancy. To our knowledge, there are no studies that evaluate the contribution of maternal hyperglycemia to childhood overweight in comparison to other antepartum maternal and fetal confounders and the influence of the postnatal environment. The present large longitudinal study of infants of mothers treated for GDM aimed to evaluate the association of the level of maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy, fetal (as assessed by ultrasound) and neonatal obesity, and childhood obesity, as well as maternal and paternal obesity in pregnancies complicated by GDM.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The study cohort was recruited from children of mothers wh...

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Body mass, plasma leptin, glucose, insulin and C-peptide in offspring of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Gender differences in serum leptin concentrations from umbilical cord blood of newborn infants born to nondiabetic, gestational diabetic and type-2 diabetic mothers

Gender differences in serum leptin concentrations from umbilical cord blood of newborn infants born to nondiabetic, gestational diabetic and type-2 diabetic mothers

Comparison of Plasma Insulin Levels after a Mixed-Meal Challenge in Children with and without Intrauterine Exposure to Diabetes

Birth Weight and Parental BMI Predict Overweight in Children From Mothers With Gestational Diabetes

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