Body-Shape Perceptions of Elderly Women Exercisers and Nonexercisers

Hallinan, Christopher J; Schuler, Petra B.

doi:10.2466/pms.1993.77.2.451

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Each set represents a monotonic increase in body size ranging from 1 (very thin) to 9 (very overweight). A visual presentation of these body shapes is provided by Hallinan and Schuler (1993). Self-report weight and height data were used to calculate each participant's Body Mass Index (BMI), which provides an estimate of weight in relation to height (as measured in kilogramslmeters2).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of a Scale Measuring Negative Attitudes Toward Overweight Individuals

Morrison

O'connor

1999

The Journal of Social Psychology

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This study examined the psychometric properties of the Anti-fat Attitudes Scale (AFAS), a 5-item instrument developed by the authors to measure negative attitudes toward overweight individuals. A total of 4 studies were conducted among Canadian adolescents (n = 1,452) and university students (n = 424). Results suggested that the AFAS possessed a unidimensional factor structure and satisfactory reliability for both men and women. As predicted, men obtained higher scores than women on the AFAS, and antifat attitudes were positively associated with authoritarianism, homonegativity, and political conservatism. Participants who were overweight had lower scores on the AFAS than participants who were thin or average weight. Responses on the AFAS did not appear to be contaminated by social desirability bias.

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Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of a Scale Measuring Negative Attitudes Toward Overweight Individuals

Morrison

O'connor

1999

The Journal of Social Psychology

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“…Larger scores indicate greater body dissatisfaction. Researchers have established good instrument validity comparing results of silhouette ratings to other body satisfaction scales such as the Body Cathexis Scale, Body Esteem Scale and Body Dissatisfaction Scale of the Eating Disorders Inventory [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Relationship between Physical Self-Concept and Body Image Dissatisfaction in Female Students

Alipoor¹,

Moazami-Goodarzi²,

Zarra-Nezhad³

et al. 2009

J. of Social Sciences

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Problem statement: Body image is a psychological construct which refers to self-concept including self image and feelings an individual perceives about his or her body. Body image can significantly affect the way an individual perceives about his or her body. Studies on relationship between physical self-concept and body image in some countries showed that the women's body dissatisfaction has led to increase in eating disorders. The question was raised whether such a relationship may exist in Iran. Approach: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical self-concept and body Image dissatisfaction in female. The importance of body image in Iranian culture has, recently, became more significant to the extent that tremendous expenditure of time, effort and money has been paid by people, particularly by women, seeking to alert their appearances to resemble an idea image. A survey of 140 female students selected through random sampling was conducted in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, southern Iran. To collect data, a questionnaire including Demographic Information form the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) and Nine Figure Silhouette Scale was used. The physical self-perception profile have five subscales, which were sport competence (SPORT), body attractiveness (BODY), physical condition (CONDITION) and physical strength (STRENGTH) and one subscale that assesses a global perception of overall Physical Self-Worth (PSW). Results: The finding of the research indicated that there is a significant negative correlation between the physical self-concept and body image dissatisfaction. The correlations magnitude ranged between 0.49-0.79 for body image dissatisfaction. Body image dissatisfaction correlated strongest with physical self-worth and with body physical self-concept in female students in Iran. Thinness had the most influential impact on body image dissatisfaction. The findings also showed discrepancy between the ideal and current figures. The participations presented an ideal body that was much thinner than their perceived size. Conclusion/Recommendation: Women most at risk of body dissatisfaction are those who have low self-concept, those who perceive a lack of control over their bodies and those who have internalized the thin ideal. Exposure to particular kinds of television images may influence body satisfaction in females. The content of television images affects body satisfaction and drive for thinness in females. High self-concept, resistance to internalization of the thin ideal and perceptions of body mastery and control predict body satisfaction. Moderate exercise, focusing on body mastery and enjoyment rather than appearance and weight, may also be an effective strategy for improving body satisfaction. Cultural changes and a focus on body function rather than aesthetics would be likely to improve body satisfaction.

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“…Furman (1997) notes in her ethnographic research of beauty-shop culture that older women are concerned about, if not troubled by, the changes in their appearances that accompany aging and that appearance is an important factor in a woman's sense of self-esteem. Hallinan and Schuler (1993) state that women who exercise regularly are more likely to report a difference between their current body shape and their desired body shape than are those women who do not exercise regularly. Dinnerstein and Weitz (1998) assert that Jane Fonda and Barbara Bush provide examples of the anxiety and conflict related to changing physical appearance that women encounter as they age.…”

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confidence: 99%

Older Women's Bodies and the Self: The Construction of Identity in Later Life*

Clark

2001

Canadian Review of Sociology

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Laura Hurd Clarke Cet article étudie les difficiles et souvent conflictuelles relations entre l'image de soi d'une femme âgée et son corps vieillissant. Se fondant sur les données d'entrevues semi‐structurées avec 22 femmes âgées de 61 à 92 ans, l'auteure examine l'influence de la perte de la perception de l'aspect esthétique et celle de la détérioration de la santé et des capacités fonctionnelles sur le sentiment d'identité d'une femme âgée. Elle commente aussi l'expérience du corps des femmes en tant qu'à la fois masque et prison du soi et dégage le défi de l'image réfléchie que se fait une femme de l'idée d'être jeune « de l'intérieur ». This paper explores the uneasy and often conflicted relationship between an older woman's sense of self and her aging body. Using data from semi‐structured interviews with 22 female participants aged 61 to 92 years, the paper examines the influence of the loss of perceived physical attractiveness and the deterioration of health and functional abilities on an older woman's sense of identity. The paper discusses the women's experience of the body as both mask and prison of the self and elucidates the challenge of the reflected image to a woman's sense of being youthful on the “inside.”

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Body-Shape Perceptions of Elderly Women Exercisers and Nonexercisers

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Psychometric Properties of a Scale Measuring Negative Attitudes Toward Overweight Individuals

Psychometric Properties of a Scale Measuring Negative Attitudes Toward Overweight Individuals

Analysis of the Relationship between Physical Self-Concept and Body Image Dissatisfaction in Female Students

Older Women's Bodies and the Self: The Construction of Identity in Later Life*

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