Body stores in human pregnancy and lactation

Thomson, A. M.; Hytten, F. E.

doi:10.1079/pns19600004

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The positive correlations between GAPDH cfDNA, pregestation, and late gestation BMI further suggest that obesity is a trigger of adipose cfDNA release. Although it remains to be fully established, adipose released cfDNA would be consistent with the enlargement of maternal adipose mass representing 30–40% of total maternal gestational weight gain (39). An obesity‐induced release of cfDNA does not preclude that pregnancy‐specific changes may also generate cfDNA as suggested in nonpregnant obese women (14,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Increased Death of Adipose Cells, a Path to Release Cell‐Free DNA Into Systemic Circulation of Obese Women

Haghiac

Vora

Basu

et al. 2012

Obesity

124

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Remodeling of adipose tissue is required to support the expansion of adipose mass. In obesity, an increased death of adipocytes contributes to the accelerated cellular turnover. We have shown that obesity in pregnancy is associated with metabolic and immune alterations in the adipose tissue. In this study we characterized the mechanisms responsible for increased death of adipose cells of pregnant obese women and its functional consequences. We postulated that a higher turnover of dead cells in white adipose tissue of obese women would translate into release of cell free DNA (cfDNA) into their systemic circulation. Increase in adipose mass of obese compared to lean women results from a lesser number of hypertrophic adipocytes and an accumulation of macrophages in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The adipocytes of obese displayed enhanced necrosis with a loss of perilipin staining at the plasma membrane. Apoptosis was prominent in SVF cells with an increased expression of caspase 9 and caspase 3 and a higher rate of TUNEL positive CD68 macrophages in obese vs lean. Whereas circulating fetal cfDNA concentrations were not changed, there was a 2-fold increase in circulating GAPDH cfDNA and adipose tissue GAPDH mRNA in obese women. The maternal systemic GAPDH cfDNA was positively correlated with BMI and gestational weight gain. These data suggest that the active remodeling of adipose tissue of obese pregnant women results in an increased release of cfDNA of maternal origin into the circulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Increased Death of Adipose Cells, a Path to Release Cell‐Free DNA Into Systemic Circulation of Obese Women

Haghiac

Vora

Basu

et al. 2012

Obesity

124

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“…(v) The physiological state of the body such as lactation 43 and pregnancy 44 may also influence selenium metabolism and speciation.…”

Section: Factors Which Affect Speciation Of Selenium Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium speciation in human body fluids†

Thomson

1998

Analyst

116

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Selenium consumed by humans in foods and in supplements exists in a number of different organic and inorganic forms including selenomethionine, selenocysteine, selenate and selenite. Animal and human studies have established that the bioavailability of the selenium depends upon the chemical form, which also influences the distribution of selenium in the body. These studies have included urinary excretion of selenium following ingestion of different forms of selenium and the response of tissue selenium concentrations and activities of functional selenoproteins to these selenium compounds. Selenomethionine is retained in tissue proteins to a greater extent than selenocysteine and the inorganic forms, but the selenium is not necessarily immediately available for functional selenoproteins. A number of other factors besides chemical form may also influence the bioavailability and distribution of selenium, including other dietary components, selenium status, physiological status and species. Knowledge of these factors and of speciation of selenium in foods, tissues and functional selenoproteins is important for the accurate assessment of selenium status. Speciation of selenium also has implications with respect to the determination of selenium requirements and to the investigation of relationships between selenium status and health and disease.

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“…The fetus, which synthesizes protein a t a relatively accelerated rate in the latter half of pregnancy (Lister, 1961;Thomson & Hytten, 1960), also has strikingly elevated levels of plasma HGH. The concentration of plasma insulin, a t least a t term, is at a level appropriate to the fetal blood glucose.…”

Section: Cgp As the "Growth Hormone"of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

CHORIONIC GROWTH HORMONE‐PROLACTIN (CGP): SECRETION, DISPOSITION, BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY IN MAN, AND POSTULATED FUNCTION AS THE “GROWTH HORMONE” OF THE SECOND HALF OF PREGNANCY^*

Grumbach

Kaplan

Sciarra

et al. 1968

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

251

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Body stores in human pregnancy and lactation

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Increased Death of Adipose Cells, a Path to Release Cell‐Free DNA Into Systemic Circulation of Obese Women

Increased Death of Adipose Cells, a Path to Release Cell‐Free DNA Into Systemic Circulation of Obese Women

Selenium speciation in human body fluids†

CHORIONIC GROWTH HORMONE‐PROLACTIN (CGP): SECRETION, DISPOSITION, BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY IN MAN, AND POSTULATED FUNCTION AS THE “GROWTH HORMONE” OF THE SECOND HALF OF PREGNANCY^*

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Body stores in human pregnancy and lactation

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Increased Death of Adipose Cells, a Path to Release Cell‐Free DNA Into Systemic Circulation of Obese Women

Increased Death of Adipose Cells, a Path to Release Cell‐Free DNA Into Systemic Circulation of Obese Women

Selenium speciation in human body fluids†

CHORIONIC GROWTH HORMONE‐PROLACTIN (CGP): SECRETION, DISPOSITION, BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY IN MAN, AND POSTULATED FUNCTION AS THE “GROWTH HORMONE” OF THE SECOND HALF OF PREGNANCY*

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CHORIONIC GROWTH HORMONE‐PROLACTIN (CGP): SECRETION, DISPOSITION, BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY IN MAN, AND POSTULATED FUNCTION AS THE “GROWTH HORMONE” OF THE SECOND HALF OF PREGNANCY^*