Body temperature and diurnal type in women with seasonal affective disorder

Elmore, Shawn K.; Dahl, Kitty; Avery, David; Savage, Margaret V.; Brengelmann, G. L.

doi:10.1080/07399339309516023

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The finding that SAD patients during remission had higher MES than controls support the hypothesis of SAD being associated with circadian rhythms, and is in line with a previous study reporting more eveningness in depressed SAD patients and a shift towards morningness after light therapy (Elmore et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Circadian Clock-Related Polymorphisms in Seasonal Affective Disorder and their Relevance to Diurnal Preference

Johansson

Willeit

Smedh

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

311

194

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Disturbed circadian rhythms have been observed in seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The aim of this study was to further investigate this connection, and to test for potential association between polymorphisms in circadian clock-related genes and SAD, seasonality (seasonal variations in mood and behavior), or diurnal preference (morningness-eveningness tendencies). A total of 159 European SAD patients and 159 matched controls were included in the genetic analysis, and subsets were screened for seasonality (n ¼ 177) and diurnal preference (n ¼ 92). We found that diurnal preference was associated with both SAD and seasonality, supporting the hypothesis of a link between circadian rhythms and seasonal depression. The complete case-control material was genotyped for polymorphisms in the CLOCK, Period2, Period3, and NPAS2 genes. A significant difference between patients and controls was found for NPAS2 471 Leu/Ser (w 2 ¼ 9.90, Bonferroni corrected P ¼ 0.035), indicating a recessive effect of the leucine allele on disease susceptibility (w 2 ¼ 6.61, Bonferroni corrected P ¼ 0.050). Period3 647 Val/Gly was associated with self-reported morningness-eveningness scores (n ¼ 92, oneway ANOVA: F ¼ 4.99, Bonferroni corrected P ¼ 0.044), with higher scores found in individuals with at least one glycine allele (t ¼ 3.1, Bonferroni corrected P ¼ 0.013). A second, population-based sample of individuals selected for high (n ¼ 127) or low (n ¼ 98) degrees of seasonality, was also genotyped for NPAS2 471 Leu/Ser. There was no significant difference between these seasonality extreme groups, and none of the polymorphisms studied were associated with seasonality in the SAD case-control material (n ¼ 177). In conclusion, our results suggest involvement of circadian clock-related polymorphisms both in susceptibility to SAD and diurnal preference.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Circadian Clock-Related Polymorphisms in Seasonal Affective Disorder and their Relevance to Diurnal Preference

Johansson

Willeit

Smedh

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

311

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The insufficiency of build-up is similar to the slow build-up in long sleepers (Aeschbach et al, 2001), or in evening chronotypes (Taillard et al, 2003). Since SAD patients (at least subjectively) consider themselves long sleepers, and appear to be more often late chronotypes (Elmore et al, 1993;Putilov et al, 2000;Graw et al, unpublished data), the present finding may be related to these physiological characteristics and not their winter depressive diagnosis per se.…”

Section: Waking Eeg Throughout 30 H Wakefulnessmentioning

confidence: 58%

Melatonin Treatment of Winter Depression Following Total Sleep Deprivation: Waking EEG and Mood Correlates

Danilenko

Putilov

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Patients with winter depression (seasonal affective disorder (SAD)) commonly complain of sleepiness. Sleepiness can be objectively measured by spectral analysis of the waking electroencephalogram (EEG) in the 1-10 Hz band. The waking EEG was measured every 3 h in 16 female SAD patients and 13 age-matched control women throughout a total sleep deprivation of 30 h. Melatonin (or placebo) under double-blind conditions was administered subsequently (0.5 mg at 1700 h for 6 days), appropriately timed to phase advance circadian rhythms, followed by reassessment in the laboratory for 12 h. The increase in EEG power density in a narrow theta band (5-5.99 Hz, derivation Fz-Cz) during the 30 h protocol was significantly attenuated in patients compared with controls (difference between linear trends p ¼ 0.037). Sleepiness (p ¼ 0.092) and energy (p ¼ 0.045) self-ratings followed a similar pattern. Six patients improved after sleep deprivation (X50% reduction on SIGH-SAD 22 score). EEG power density dynamics was correlated with clinical response to sleep deprivation: the steeper the build-up (as in controls), the better the improvement (po0.05). There was no differential effect of melatonin or placebo on any measure; both treatments stabilized the improvement. Overall, patients with winter depression manifest similar wake EEG characteristics as long sleepers or late chronotype with respect to an insufficient build-up of homeostatic sleep pressure. Sleep deprivation was an effective antidepressant treatment for some patients, but evening melatonin was not more efficacious than placebo in sustaining this antidepressant effect.

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“…As regards depression, it has been shown that there is a link between eveningness and mood levels both in clinical and healthy samples. 1,2 In line with these data, there is a higher prevalence of evening types among people with seasonal affective disorder (SAD), 3 as well as a positive relationship between eveningness and mood seasonality in healthy young adults and adults. 4,5 It has been found that circadian type is linked to circadian clock-related polymorphisms and it has been suggested that these polymorphisms could also be involved in the susceptibility to SAD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Circadian type and mood seasonality in adolescents

Tonetti

Fabbri

Martoni

et al. 2012

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the relationship between circadian preference and mood seasonality in adolescents. To this end, 1539 participants (881 female; 658 male) completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents and the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents to determine circadian preference and mood seasonality, respectively. Evening types achieved significantly higher mood seasonality scores than intermediate and morning types, as intermediates did than morning types. Agreeing with previous studies on young adults and adults, the present data indicate a significant relationship between eveningness and higher mood seasonality in adolescents.

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Body temperature and diurnal type in women with seasonal affective disorder

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Circadian Clock-Related Polymorphisms in Seasonal Affective Disorder and their Relevance to Diurnal Preference

Circadian Clock-Related Polymorphisms in Seasonal Affective Disorder and their Relevance to Diurnal Preference

Melatonin Treatment of Winter Depression Following Total Sleep Deprivation: Waking EEG and Mood Correlates

Circadian type and mood seasonality in adolescents

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