Body-Weight Changes during Growth in Puppies of Different Breeds

Hawthorne, Amanda J.; Booles, Derek; Nugent, Pat A.; Gettinby, G.; Wilkinson, J. S.

doi:10.1093/jn/134.8.2027s

Cited by 103 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Calder, 1996), which means that CD would scale proportionally with both infant and adult M b in non-domestic animals. By contrast, pre-weaned puppy sizes are relatively similar across dog breeds of vastly different adult sizes (Hawthorne et al, 2004). In fact, using the logistic equation for growth in dog breeds presented by Hawthorne et al, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In fact, using the logistic equation for growth in dog breeds presented by Hawthorne et al, i.e. M b a/{1+exp[-(x-x 0 )/b]}, their data for 12 dog breeds [table1 in Hawthorne et al (Hawthorne et al, 2004)], and assuming a weaning age of 4 weeks for dog breeds, we calculated a 13.4-fold range of M b for 4-week old dogs compared with a 30.4-fold range of M b for adult dogs. In other words, breed size-differences are about 2.3 times greater across adult dog breeds than across puppies of the corresponding breeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chewing rates among domestic dog breeds

Gerstner

Cooper

Peter

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe mammalian masticatory rhythm is produced by a brainstem timing network. The rhythm is relatively fixed within individual animals but scales allometrically with body mass (M b ) across species. It has been hypothesized that sensory feedback and feedforward adjust the rhythm to match the jaw's natural resonance frequency, with allometric scaling being an observable consequence. However, studies performed with adult animals show that the rhythm is not affected by jaw mass manipulations, indicating that either developmental or evolutionary mechanisms are required for allometry to become manifest. The present study was performed to tease out the relative effects of development versus natural selection on chewing rate allometry. Thirtyone dog breeds and 31 mass-matched non-domestic mammalian species with a range in M b from ~2kg to 50kg were studied. Results demonstrated that the chewing rhythm did not scale with M b among dog breeds (R0.299, P>0.10) or with jaw length (L j ) (R0.328, P>0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between the chewing rhythm and M b among the non-domestic mammals (R0.634, P<0.001). These results indicate that scaling is not necessary in the adult animal. We conclude that the central timing network and related sensorimotor systems may be necessary for rhythm generation but they do not explain the 1/3rd to 1/4th allometric scaling observed among adult mammals. The rhythm of the timing network is either adjusted to the physical parameters of the jaw system during early development only, is genetically determined independently of the jaw system or is uniquely hard-wired among dogs and laboratory rodents.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chewing rates among domestic dog breeds

Gerstner

Cooper

Peter

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That gray wolf data, and the dire wolf data set reported here, both concern only animals that are dentally adult. However, dental maturity is attained in dogs at seven to nine months, while full somatic growth can take up to two years (Kreeger, 2003;Hawthorne et al, 2004).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial morphometrics of the dire wolf, Canis dirus, at Rancho La Brea: temporal variability and its links to nutrient stress and climate

O’Keefe

Binder

Frost³

et al. 2014

Palaeontologia Electronica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The tar pits of Rancho La Brea are a unique window onto the biology and ecology of the terminal Pleistocene in southern California. In this study we capitalize on recent advances in understanding of La Brea tar pit chronology to perform the first morphometric study of crania of the dire wolf, Canis dirus, over time. We first present new data on tooth fracture and wear from pits dated older than heretofore analyzed, and demonstrate that fracture and wear events, and the increased competition and heightened carcass utilization they are thought to represent, were of varying intensity across the sampled time intervals. Skull size, and by extension body size, is shown to differ significantly among pits at La Brea, with the strongest single observation being reduction in body size at the last glacial maximum. Skull size variation is shown to be a result of both ontogenetic and evolutionary factors, neither of which is congruent with a temporal version of Bergmann's rule. Skull shape difference among the pits is also significant, with shape variability attributable to both neotenic effects in populations with high breakage and wear, and evolutionary changes possibly due to climate change. Testing of this hypothesis requires better accuracy and precision in La Brea carbon data, a program that is within the reach of current AMS dating technology.

show abstract

“…Indeed, growth rates in large breeds during the first year are very high. Great Danes increase in weight 100-fold from birth in the first year, compared to 60-fold in wolves in captivity, 20-fold in poodles and 3-fold in humans (Mech, '70;Hawthorne et al, 2004). The proposal that a high free-radical production is involved in the early mortality is in agreement with extremely high rates of bone cancer in large breeds, 60-100-fold that of smaller breeds (Tjalma,'66;Withrow et al,'91).…”

Section: Size and Longevity In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do large dogs die young?

Galis¹,

Sluijs²,

Dooren³

et al. 2006

J Exp Zool Pt B

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In most animal taxa, longevity increases with body size across species, as predicted by the oxidative stress theory of aging. In contrast, in within-species comparisons of mammals and especially domestic dogs (e.g. Patronek et al., '97; Michell, '99; Egenvall et al., 2000; Speakman et al., 2003), longevity decreases with body size. We explore two datasets for dogs and find support for a negative relationship between size and longevity if we consider variation across breeds. Within breeds, however, the relationship is not negative and is slightly, but significantly, positive in the larger of the two datasets. The negative across-breed relationship is probably the consequence of short life spans in large breeds. Artificial selection for extremely high growth rates in large breeds appears to have led to developmental diseases that seriously diminish longevity.

show abstract

Body-Weight Changes during Growth in Puppies of Different Breeds

Cited by 103 publications

References 7 publications

Chewing rates among domestic dog breeds

Chewing rates among domestic dog breeds

Cranial morphometrics of the dire wolf, Canis dirus, at Rancho La Brea: temporal variability and its links to nutrient stress and climate

Do large dogs die young?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About