Body Weight Reduction of 5% Improved Blood Pressure and Lipid Profiles in Obese Men and Blood Glucose in Obese Women: A Four-Year Follow-up Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Body weight reduction (BWR) of at least 3% in obese Japanese individuals through lifestyle interventions has improved the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the relation between body weight change (BWC) and CVD risk change and to identify lifestyle improvement related to BWR in obese Japanese individuals. Methods: Subjects were 2579 health checkup examinees without medicated diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia, and a body mass index ‡25 kg/m 2 who completed lifestyle questionnaires in 2008 and 2012. The 4year changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids, and blood pressure (BP) levels were compared across the five groups based on the 4-year BWC, and presented as <-5%,-5% to-3%,-3% to-1%,-1% to 1%, and ‡1%. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lifestyle improvement related to BWR. Results: Comparing the groups to the reference group (BWC ranging from-1% to +1%), we observed that FPG and HbA1c levels were lower in women in the <-5% group; BP levels were also lower in the <-5% group; triglyceride levels had improved in the <-3% group, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the <-5% group; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels had improved in men in the <-5% group. In men, the adjusted OR (95% CI) for BWR related to lifestyle improvement pertaining to ''over 30 min exercise'' was 2.6 (2.0-3.6). In women, the adjusted ORs for BWR related to ''walking or physical activity,'' ''drinking alcohol,'' and ''drinking more than a glass of sake'' were 1.7 (1.1-2.7), 1.9 (1.1-3.5), and 1.8 (1.1-3.0), respectively. Conclusions: A 5% BWR improved FPG and HbA1c levels in obese women, and BP and lipid levels in obese men. Improvements in exercise and alcohol consumption habits were associated with BWR in this population.

Effects of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Their Changes on Risks of Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults: The Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study

“…Similar opinions have also been claimed in another study by Truesdale et al [ 43 ]. Previous longitudinal studies mainly focused on changes in weight or WC in relation to incident dyslipidemia [ 2 , 44 ] or lipid profiles [ 20 , 36 , 42 , 45 , 46 ]. Here, we mainly focused on changes in WHtR and BMI because it was important to distinguish the risk of different subjects by taking height into account when they have comparable weight or WC changes.…”

“…Obesity-induced dyslipidemia has been identified as “metabolic-related dyslipidemia” [ 49 ], which is mainly driven by the effects of insulin resistance and proinflammatory adipokines [ 10 ]. Abundant evidence supports that weight loss is conducive to the improvement in lipid profile measures [ 46 , 50 ]. As an essential modifiable risk factor of CVD, systematic health education and early interventions should be recommended to help individuals with the above risk factors to lose weight and reduce CVD risk, especially among the Chinese population in the context of rapid economic development and shifting lifestyles.…”

Predictors of the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Influencing Factors for Young Health Examination Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Survey

“…A 4-years follow-up observational study conducted in Japan found that body weight reduction could improve lipid levels in men. Improvements in physical activity have been associated with body weight reduction ( 30 ). Regular exercise is regarded as an important part of health optimization and longevity.…”

A Two-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study—Improved Clinical Control over CVD Risk Factors through Weight Loss in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

“…Numerous studies have indicated weight loss to be effectively instrumental in decreasing high blood pressure in obese individuals. In the study combined with a four-year follow-up, as conducted by Hasegawa et al [ 45 ] in a population of 2579 Japanese individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , who were not affected by diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidaemia, 5% weight loss was associated with normalisation of blood pressure in both genders, even though the volume of this loss was associated with a significant decrease in blood pressure in men only. In the study by Cochrane et al [ 46 ], 26% of modifiable CVD risk was associated with high blood pressure.…”