‘Bois noir’: new phytoplasma disease of grapevine in Iran

Mirchenari, Seyed Mehdi; Massah, Amir; Zirak, Leila

doi:10.1515/jppr-2015-0012

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…“ Ca . P. solani” has been previously reported in different parts of Iran infecting several plants such as almond (Zirak, Bahar, & Ahoonmanesh, ), plum (Zirak, Bahar, & Ahoonmanesh, ), peach (Zirak, Bahar, & Ahoonmanesh, ), potato (Hosseini, Bahar, Madani, & Zirak, ), cannabis (Sichani, Bahar, & Zirak, ) and grapevine (Mirchenari, Massah, & Zirak, ). Phytoplasmas usually can colonize different parts of a plant and move from one part to another (Crosslin, Hamlin, Buchman, & Munyaneza, ; Khadhair, Duplessis McAlister, Ampong‐Nyarko, & Bains, ; Munyaneza & Crosslin, ; Weintraub & Jones, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and characterization of a stolbur phytoplasma associated with Narcissus tazetta phyllody in Iran

Gholami

Ranjbar

Bahar

et al. 2018

Journal of Phytopathology

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During field surveys in 2015, a phytoplasma‐associated disease was identified in Narcissus tazetta plants in Behbahan, Iran. The characteristic symptoms were phyllody and virescence. The presence of phytoplasma in symptomatic plants was confirmed using PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA, tuf, secY and vmp1 genes. Based on the blastn results, the sequences of 16S rRNA, tuf, secY and vmp1 genes shared, respectively, 99%, 100%, 99% and 99% sequence identity with phytoplasma strains in 16SrXII‐A subgroup. RFLP and phylogenetic analyses using the sequences of 16S rRNA, tuf and secY genes confirmed the assortment of studied strains to 16SrXII‐A phytoplasma subgroup. Sequence comparison of these four genes revealed that all the sequences of 28 strains studied were identical. To the best of our knowledge, the association of “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” with N. tazetta was demonstrated for the first time in the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and characterization of a stolbur phytoplasma associated with Narcissus tazetta phyllody in Iran

Gholami

Ranjbar

Bahar

et al. 2018

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…P. solani’‐related (16SrXII‐A, “stolbur”) and 16SrIX‐C (‘ Ca . P. phoenicium’‐related) phytoplasmas were detected and identified in Khorasan, Fars, Chaharmahal‐O‐Bakhtiari, Hamadan, Isfahan, Markazi, Yazdand and Lorestan provinces (Karimi et al., ; Mirchenari et al., ; Salehi et al., ). In particular, the sequences of ‘ Ca .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methodology applied allows phytoplasma detection in a high number of grapevine symptomatic samples but not in all of them; (Karimi et al, 2009;Mirchenari et al, 2015;Salehi et al, 2014). In particular, the sequences of 'Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of phytoplasmas associated with yellows disease in Vitis vinifera L. in Iran was reported based on symptoms, nested‐PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) detection or sequencing of 16Sr RNA gene (Karimi, Contaldo, Mahmoudi, Duduk, & Bertaccini, ; Mirchenari, Massah, & Zirak, ; Salehi, Taghavi, Salehi, & Izadpanah, ): the phytoplasmas identified so far are ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’‐related strains and more recently a strain enclosed in 16SrIX‐C subgroup (Salehi, Esmailzadeh Hosseini, Rasoolpour, Salehi, & Bertaccini, ; Salehi, Salehi, Taghavi, & Izadpanah, ). Extensive field observations in the past years revealed the presence of a significant number of plants exhibiting symptoms, such as decline, leaf yellowing and shortening of internodes with lack of cane lignification in all grape growing regions of Iran, affecting the main grape varieties (Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification of diverse ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species associated with grapevine decline in Iran

Zamharir

Paltrinieri

Hajivand

et al. 2017

Journal of Phytopathology

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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most important fruits in Iran where the provinces of Qazvin, Lorestan and Markazi are main producers. During 2013–2015, vineyards located in these provinces were surveyed to verify the presence of phytoplasma. The sample collection was based on symptomatology including decline, leaf yellowing and shortening of internodes. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic and symptomless grapevine samples and used in nested‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with phytoplasma ribosomal primers (P1/Tint followed by R16F2n/R2, R16mF1/mR1, R16(I)F1/R1 or 6R758f/16R1232r). Nested‐PCR products were obtained only for symptomatic samples while samples from symptomless plants yielded no PCR products. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses with Tru1I, TaqI and Tsp509I and direct sequencing of amplicons followed by phylogenetic analyses indicated the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini’, ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’, ‘Ca. P. solani’ and ‘Ca. P. phoenicium’‐related strains. In Marzaki province, there ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’ strains were mainly detected, while in the other two provinces, all the four ‘Candidatus species’ were identified with the prevalence of ‘Ca. P. solani’‐related strains. In both provinces in one case, mixed phytoplasma infection was also detected by RFLP analyses. The presence of different phytoplasmas in positive samples indicates great phytosanitary significance due to grapevine economic importance for country. Grapevine phytoplasma infection represents a threat for other crops suggesting grapevine as alternative host species for the phytoplasmas already reported in Iran, while the ‘Ca. P. fraxini’ is for the first time identified in Iran.

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“…Within this group, phytoplasma associated with “Flavescence dorée” (16SrV-C and 16SrV-D) (FD) in grapevine surely represents one of the most important GY (IRPCM, 2004) occurring in all major vine-growing areas of Euro-Mediterranean countries (where it is classified as quarantine pest), Chile, and Asia (Choueiri et al, 2002; Gajardo et al, 2009; Belli et al, 2010; Duduk et al, 2010; Salem et al, 2013; Mirchenari et al, 2015), due to the transmission activity of the ampelophagous leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus .…”

Section: How Grapevine Yellows Are Becoming a Global Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Phytoplasmas in South and East Asia: An Emerging Threat to Grapevine Cultivation

et al. 2019

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Grapevine is largely cultivated in several parts of the world, and a spurt in its cultivation has occurred in the last two decades in grapevine cultivated areas of South and East Asia, mainly in China, India, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia. Grapevine yellows (GY) represent one of the most important diseases in viticultural areas of the world, and they have been assigned to five different groups: aster yellows [AY (16SrI)], peanut witches’ broom [PnWB (16SrII)], X-disease (16SrIII), elm yellows [EY (16SrV)], and Stolbur (16SrXII). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the presence of phytoplasma strains and their vectors associated with GY complex, and their potential impact on viticulture of the South and East Asia. In general, both AY and EY were reported on several herbaceous plants and/or cultivated plants in South and East Asia, along with its vectors that were largely reported in China and sporadically in Japan. Interestingly, AY and EY are yet not found in South and East Asia grapevine regions; however, their presence on different plant species suggests the potential spread of the pathogens that may occur in grapevine regions in the near future. Additionally, a few reports also suggest the presence of Stolbur group in Asian countries, along with one study that found a Stolbur-related strain in China on Vitis vinifera. Similarly, PnWB was also frequently reported in India and China on several plant species, but not in grapes. Conversely, sporadic detections of phytoplasma strains related to X-disease in Thailand, South Korea, and China indicate that their potential influence in viticulture is rather negligible. Our review suggests that monitoring and control strategies against GY are essential in order to prevent epidemic phytoplasma spread, especially in vine-allocated areas in Asia.

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‘Bois noir’: new phytoplasma disease of grapevine in Iran

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular detection and characterization of a stolbur phytoplasma associated with Narcissus tazetta phyllody in Iran

Molecular detection and characterization of a stolbur phytoplasma associated with Narcissus tazetta phyllody in Iran

Molecular identification of diverse ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species associated with grapevine decline in Iran

The Distribution of Phytoplasmas in South and East Asia: An Emerging Threat to Grapevine Cultivation

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