BoLA class I polymorphism and <i>in vitro</i> immune response to <i>M. bovis</i> antigens

Longeri, M.; Polli, M.; Ponti, W.; Zanotti, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.1993.tb00746.x

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Starting in the 1990's the government provided housing for illegal settlers. Even though the northwest area still concentrates poor families and the region is still poorly supplied of sanitation systems and garbage treatment [32]. Four out of the 13 primary health care services are located in that region and 100% of the area is covered by the public family health program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumonia and poverty: a prospective population-based study among children in Brazil

Thörn¹,

Minamisava

Nouer

et al. 2011

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundChildren in developing country suffer the highest burden of pneumonia. However, few studies have evaluated associations between poverty and pneumonia.MethodsA prospective population-based study on pneumonia was carried out as part of the Latin America Epidemiological Assessment of Pneumococcus (LEAP study). Chest x-rays were obtained for children one to 35 months old with suspected pneumonia presenting to emergency care centers and hospital emergency rooms in Goiania, Brazil. Chest radiographs were evaluated according to WHO guidelines. Clustering of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia were evaluated using a Poisson-based spatial scan statistic. Associations between census socioeconomic indicators and pneumonia incidence rates were analyzed using generalized linear models.ResultsFrom May, 2007 to May, 2009, chest radiographs were obtained from 11 521 children with clinical pneumonia; 3955 episodes were classified as radiologically-confirmed. Incidence rates were significantly higher in very low income areas (4825.2 per 105) compared to high income areas (1637.3 per 105). Spatial analysis identified clustering of confirmed pneumonia in Western (RR 1.78; p = 0.001) and Southeast (RR 1.46; p = 0.001) regions of the city, and clustering of hospitalized pneumonia in the Western region (RR 1.69; p = 0.001). Lower income households and illiteracy were associated with pneumonia incidence.ConclusionsIn infants the risk of developing pneumonia is inversely associated with the head of household income and with the woman educational level. Areas with deprived socioeconomic conditions had higher incidence of pneumonia and should be targeted for high vaccination coverage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumonia and poverty: a prospective population-based study among children in Brazil

Thörn¹,

Minamisava

Nouer

et al. 2011

BMC Infect Dis

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Section: Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tuberculin tests, however, are not entirely reliable, and false-negative and false-positive results are not uncommon (8,19,20,22). To fight this disease, it would be a great asset to develop resistant breeds (17), a goal at present unattainable, as little is known about genetic factors of bovine TB (18,28).During the last decade, the gene coding for the so-called natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1) has been the center of much attention. Nramp1 was first described for the mouse as a gene conferring resistance to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Leishmania donovani, and M. bovis BCG.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-Level Expression of NRAMP1 in Peripheral Blood Cells and Tuberculous Granulomas fromMycobacterium bovis-Infected Bovines

et al. 2001

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ByWestern blotting, we demonstrate high-level expression of NRAMP1 proteins in peripheral blood cells and granulomas of Mycobacterium bovis-infected bovines. Immunohistochemistry of granulomatous lesions showed heavily labeled epithelioid macrophages and Langhans cells. These data suggest that M. bovis infection enhances NRAMP1 expression and that active tuberculosis can occur despite this response.Mycobacterium bovis is the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB), a disease of great concern in developing countries such as Mexico for its detrimental economic impact and its effect on human beings (7). To control bovine TB, most programs rely on tuberculin tests to identify infected cattle, which are then sacrificed. Tuberculin tests, however, are not entirely reliable, and false-negative and false-positive results are not uncommon (8,19,20,22). To fight this disease, it would be a great asset to develop resistant breeds (17), a goal at present unattainable, as little is known about genetic factors of bovine TB (18,28).During the last decade, the gene coding for the so-called natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1) has been the center of much attention. Nramp1 was first described for the mouse as a gene conferring resistance to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Leishmania donovani, and M. bovis BCG. A single recessive point mutation in Nramp1 was shown previously to occur in BCG-susceptible mouse strains (11). In human beings, eight NRAMP1 alleles have been identified (13, 24), some of them apparently associated with susceptibility to TB (4, 14). In bovines, two Nramp1 alleles have been cloned (16), the predicted polypeptide being a transmembrane molecule with a conserved transporter motif and multiple phosphorylation sites (9).To gain information on the role of NRAMP1 in bovine TB, we investigated the expression of NRAMP1 in peripheral blood cells (PBC) and tuberculous granulomas of M. bovisinfected bovines. A polyclonal antiserum was kindly donated by Jennifer Blackwell (University of Cambridge Medical School) for this purpose. The antiserum was raised in rabbits against a recombinant polypeptide spanning 35 residues of the carboxyl end of mouse NRAMP1 (1). Tested in our laboratory, this antiserum reacted with a 65-kDa band on phorbol myristate acetate-activated cells of the murine monocyte line J774A (data not shown). It showed no reactivity with M. bovis proteins by Western blotting (data not shown). PBC were obtained from 20 animals from a herd with 50% TB prevalence; 10 cattle were purified protein derivative (PPD) positive, and 10 were PPD negative. For a control, PBC from five PPD-negative cattle belonging to a TB-free herd were employed. Tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes (LN) with TB granulomas were isolated at autopsy from five cattle with M. bovis infection confirmed by histology, Ziehl-Neelsen stains, and bacteriological cultures (data not shown). For the Western blot, cells and tissues were treated with RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.5% s...

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“…Since M. bovis infection typically involves cell‐mediated immunity, which is restricted mainly by class‐II antigens, the role of HLA‐DR molecules in the T‐cell‐mediated response to mycobacterial antigens has been demonstrated (V an S chooten et al 1989). This study analyses the effect of MHC class‐II antigens (BoLA‐D) in the experimentally sensitized group of calves used in L ongeri et al (1993), and compares results with those previously obtained from class‐I antigens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study, L ongeri et al (1993) investigated the immune response to M. bovis in an experimentally stimulated group of calves, chosen on the basis of MHC class‐I polymorphism ( BolA‐A ). Since M. bovis infection typically involves cell‐mediated immunity, which is restricted mainly by class‐II antigens, the role of HLA‐DR molecules in the T‐cell‐mediated response to mycobacterial antigens has been demonstrated (V an S chooten et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BoLA class II polymorphism and immune response to Mycobacterium bovis antigens in vitro

Casati

Longeri

Polli

et al. 1995

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Summary In a sample of 47 Holstein‐Friesian calves, experimentally sensitized in vivo with a suspension of killed Mycobacterium bovis the BoLA class‐II polymorphism was analysed at the DQA, DQB, and DRB loci to define its role in the specific immune response. Lymphocyte proliferation under PPD stimulation, phagocytosis of killed M. bovis cells, and the humoral response to PPD antigens, tested by ELISA, were performed in vitro 21 days after sensitization to evaluate the specific immune response. All the animals responded well to the immune test. The humoral response was only slightly affected by some alleles in the D subregions investigated. Lymphocyte proliferation was significantly, and positively, affected by DQA*5, DQB*5, and DRB*5B+5C of the linkage group DH*18A. In particular, the effect of DRB*5C alone was more than two times higher than the standard deviation. Phagocytosis was significantly and negatively affected by DQA*9B and DQB*9B of the linkage group DH*22B, and also by DQA*1A, DQB*1, and DRB*1A of the linkage group DH*24A. In these specific experimental conditions, the results demonstrate that the humoral response is only slightly under the control of some class‐II alleles, while lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis are affected. The DRB locus shows a major effect on lymphocyte proliferation. Résumé Le polymorphisme de BoLA classe II a été analysée au DQA, DQB et DRB loci pour definir son rôle dans la réponse immune specifique relative à un groupe de 47 veaux Holstein Friesian sensibilisés d'une façon expérimentale in vivo avec une suspension de M. bovis mort. La proliferation de Lymphocites sous PPD stimulation aussi bien que la phagocitosis de cellules mortes de M. bovis et la réponse humoral aux antigens PPD avec le test ELISA a été faite in vitro 21 jours après la sensibilisation pour evaluer la réponse immune specifique. Tous les animaux ont bien répondu à tous les tests d'immunité. La réponse humoral a été influencée lèggérmente par aucun allèle des sous‐regions D investiguées. La proliferation des Lymphocites a été remarquablement et positivement influencée par les allèles DQA*5, DQB*5 et DRB*5B+5C du groupe de linkage DH*18A. En particuler l'effect du DRB*5C a été deux fois plus grand que l'écart‐type. La phagocitosis a été remarquablement et negativement influencée par DQA*9B et DQB*9B du groupe de linkage DH*22B aussi que par DQA*1A, DQB*1 et DRB*1A du groupe de linkage DH*24A. Les resultats demontrent que la réponse humoral est seulement en part sous le contrôl de quelque allèle de le classe II, d'autre part dans nos conditions experimentales specifiques la lymphoproliferation et la phagocitosys sont influencées. Le locus DRB démontre un effect important sur la lymphoproliferation liée à l'allèle DRB*5C. Resumen El polimorfismo de clase BoLA II fue analisado en loci DQA, DQB et DRB para definir su efecto en la inmmunidad specifica relativa a un grupo de 47 novillos Holstein Friesian sensitizadas experimentalmente en vivo con una suspension de M. bovis matado. La proliferacion de Lympo...

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BoLA class I polymorphism and in vitro immune response to M. bovis antigens

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Pneumonia and poverty: a prospective population-based study among children in Brazil

Pneumonia and poverty: a prospective population-based study among children in Brazil

High-Level Expression of NRAMP1 in Peripheral Blood Cells and Tuberculous Granulomas fromMycobacterium bovis-Infected Bovines

BoLA class II polymorphism and immune response to Mycobacterium bovis antigens in vitro

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