Bold attitude makes male urban feral domestic cats more vulnerable to Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Natoli, Eugenia; Say, Ludovic; Cafazzo, Simona; Bonanni, Roberto; Schmid, Marius R.; Pontier, Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.06.011

Cited by 107 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Sex distribution results agreed with the characteristic epidemiology of both infections and with data from pre- vious studies [2,4,[6][7][8][9]. In FeLV infection, the disease was more severe in males than in females, as a higher percentage of males than females presented clinical signs, and the mean clinical score was 4.4 and 3.7, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiological Aspects and Clinicopathological Findings in Cats Naturally Infected with Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and/or Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

Collado¹,

Doménech²,

Miró³

et al. 2012

OJVM

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Infections produced by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), two of the most prevalent pathogens in cats, range from passing unnoticed to presenting a wide variety of clinical signs. Different epidemiological, clinical, hematological and virological parameters were analyzed in 78 FIV-and/or FeLV-infected cats. FeLV-infected (FeLV + ) cats were considerably younger than FIV-infected (FIV + ) cats, and in general were seen to have a more severe disease than FIV + cats. Around one third of the cats presented anemia, and neutropenia was also frequently observed. Though a higher percentage of FIV + than FeLV + cats had altered leukocyte counts, FeLV + cats had altered counts of both neutrophils and lymphocytes more frequently than FIV + , which usually presented only either altered neutrophils or lymphocyte counts. Virological markers were only detected in FeLV + cats, either as mono-or dual-infection, and correlated with the severity of the disease, but not in FIV + cats. In conclusion, these results suggest that FeLV affects more blood cell types and provokes death of affected animals at a much earlier age than FIV and that the severity of the disease seemed to depend on the viral status of the cat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiological Aspects and Clinicopathological Findings in Cats Naturally Infected with Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and/or Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

Collado¹,

Doménech²,

Miró³

et al. 2012

OJVM

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“…Since the initial report, serosurveys of contemporary and banked cat serum samples have revealed that the virus has been present in the domestic cat population since at least 1968 (32), with the current prevalence in the United States ranging from 1 to 15% and approaching 50% in at least one population (59,279,379,408). Feral cats, animals with outdoor access, and animals presented for undiagnosed illness are more likely to be infected than are indoor neutered house cats (32,234,265).…”

Section: Fiv Infection Of Domestic Cats Causes Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going Wild: Lessons from Naturally Occurring T-Lymphotropic Lentiviruses

2006

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SUMMARY Over 40 nonhuman primate (NHP) species harbor species-specific simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Similarly, more than 20 species of nondomestic felids and African hyenids demonstrate seroreactivity against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antigens. While it has been challenging to study the biological implications of nonfatal infections in natural populations, epidemiologic and clinical studies performed thus far have only rarely detected increased morbidity or impaired fecundity/survival of naturally infected SIV- or FIV-seropositive versus -seronegative animals. Cross-species transmissions of these agents are rare in nature but have been used to develop experimental systems to evaluate mechanisms of pathogenicity and to develop animal models of HIV/AIDS. Given that felids and primates are substantially evolutionarily removed yet demonstrate the same pattern of apparently nonpathogenic lentiviral infections, comparison of the biological behaviors of these viruses can yield important implications for host-lentiviral adaptation which are relevant to human HIV/AIDS infection. This review therefore evaluates similarities in epidemiology, lentiviral genotyping, pathogenicity, host immune responses, and cross-species transmission of FIVs and factors associated with the establishment of lentiviral infections in new species. This comparison of consistent patterns in lentivirus biology will expose new directions for scientific inquiry for understanding the basis for virulence versus avirulence.

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“…coping style) can mediate individual exposure risk, and that those same behavioral syndromes are often associated with distinct physiological traits as well (e.g. hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity and stress levels) (Natoli et al 2005, Koolhaas 2008. Finally, covariation between infectiousness and contact rate can arise when pathogens alter host behavior to make it easier for the pathogen to spread between hosts (particularly in trophically transmitted parasites, Berdoy et al 2000) or indirectly through sickness behaviors that reduce host activity levels such as fever, lethargy, and limited foraging (Adelman et al 2014, Welicky andSikkel 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covariation between the physiological and behavioral components of pathogen transmission: host heterogeneity determines epidemic outcomes

White

Forester

Craft

2017

Oikos

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Although heterogeneity in contact rate, physiology, and behavioral response to infection have all been empirically demonstrated in host-pathogen systems, little is known about how interactions between individual variation in behavior and physiology scaleup to affect pathogen transmission at a population level. The objective of this study is to evaluate how covariation between the behavioral and physiological components of transmission might affect epidemic outcomes in host populations. We tested the consequences of contact rate covarying with susceptibility, infectiousness, and infection status using an individual-based, dynamic network model where individuals initiate and terminate contacts with conspecifics based on their behavioral predispositions and their infection status. Our results suggest that both heterogeneity in physiology and subsequent covariation of physiology with contact rate could powerfully influence epidemic dynamics. Overall, we found that 1) individual variability in susceptibility and infectiousness can reduce the expected maximum prevalence and increase epidemic variability; 2) when contact rate and susceptibility or infectiousness negatively covary, it takes substantially longer for epidemics to spread throughout the population, and rates of epidemic spread remained suppressed even for highly transmissible pathogens; and 3) reductions in contact rate resulting from infection-induced behavioral changes can prevent the pathogen from reaching most of the population. These effects were strongest for theoretical pathogens with lower transmissibility and for populations where the observed variation in contact rate was higher, suggesting that such heterogeneity may be most important for less infectious, more chronic diseases in wildlife. Understanding when and how variability in pathogen transmission should be modelled is a crucial next step for disease ecology.

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Bold attitude makes male urban feral domestic cats more vulnerable to Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 107 publications

References 34 publications

Epidemiological Aspects and Clinicopathological Findings in Cats Naturally Infected with Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and/or Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

Epidemiological Aspects and Clinicopathological Findings in Cats Naturally Infected with Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and/or Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

Going Wild: Lessons from Naturally Occurring T-Lymphotropic Lentiviruses

Covariation between the physiological and behavioral components of pathogen transmission: host heterogeneity determines epidemic outcomes

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