Boll Shedding and Growth of the Cotton Plant in Relation to Irrigation Frequency<sup>1</sup>

Stockton, John R.; Doñeen, L. D.; Walhood, V. T.

doi:10.2134/agronj1961.00021962005300040020x

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Genotypes responded similarly to irrigation for all of is similar to the findings of others (Stockton et al, 1961;Bruce and Shipp, 1962;Grimes et al, 1969aGrimes et al, , 1969b the traits quantified, with the exception of lint percentage. Genotypes responded similarly to irrigation for all of is similar to the findings of others (Stockton et al, 1961;Bruce and Shipp, 1962;Grimes et al, 1969aGrimes et al, , 1969b the traits quantified, with the exception of lint percentage.…”

Section: Fig 2 White Blooms (Blooms At Anthesis) Per Square Meter Osupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The coupling of these phenomena has led to the speculamoisture deficits (Stockton et al, 1961;Bruce and Shipp, tion that transgenic cottons are more susceptible to envi-1962; Grimes et al, 1969aGrimes et al, , 1969bGrimes and Yamada, ronmental stresses than their conventional counterparts. 1982; Guinn and Mauney, 1984b;Kimball and Mauney, Gaps remain in our knowledge of how cotton grown 1993; Gerik et al, 1996;Saranga et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1982; Guinn and Mauney, 1984b;Kimball and Mauney, Gaps remain in our knowledge of how cotton grown 1993; Gerik et al, 1996;Saranga et al, 1998). The objectives reduced the number of bolls produced per unit ground of this research were to assess the differences between area (Stockton et al, 1961;Bruce and Shipp, 1962; irrigated and dryland cotton for reproductive growth and development, lint yield production, yield components, AGRONOMY JOURNAL, VOL. Does moiscomponents of yield or boll distribution were affected.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Moisture Deficit Effects on Cotton Lint Yield, Yield Components, and Boll Distribution

2004

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Grimes et al., 1969a;Gerik et al., 1996). While Grimes et al. (1969a) reported that lint percentage decreased as Understanding how moisture deficit stress alters cotton (Gossypthe soil moisture level increased, Kimball and Mauney ium hirsutum L.) reproductive growth and yield component development would provide insight into the current yield stagnation problem (1993) found no response in lint percentage to varying plaguing U.S. cotton producers. Objectives were to document the effects soil moisture levels. Grimes et al. (1969a) and Gerik of moisture deficit stress on reproductive growth, lint yield, yield compo- et al. (1996) also reported that boll mass decreased in nents, boll distribution, and fiber quality. Field studies were conducted response to moisture deficits. Saranga et al. (1998) showed from 1998 through 2001 utilizing eight diverse genotypes, which were that drought conditions cause more motes (cotton ovules grown under both dryland and irrigated conditions. Weekly white that fail to ripen into mature seeds) to be produced; bloom counts, nodes above white bloom, lint yield, yield components, therefore, one would suspect that seed formation would end-of-season plant mapping, and fiber quality data were collected. also be affected. With the exception of one year of data Genotypes responded similarly to the two soil moisture regimes for reported by McMichael and Hesketh (1982), the reall of the parameters evaluated. Irrigation delayed cutout, the slowing sponse of seed mass, number of seeds per boll, and the of vegetative growth due to strong reproductive demand for assimilate, an average of 6 d. This delayed maturity enabled those plants to

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Section: Fig 2 White Blooms (Blooms At Anthesis) Per Square Meter Osupporting

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Moisture Deficit Effects on Cotton Lint Yield, Yield Components, and Boll Distribution

2004

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“…Results similar to these have been reported by Crowther (1934), Levin & Schmueli (1964) and Stockton, Doneen & Walhood (1961).…”

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confidence: 91%

Response of cotton to water and nitrogen in a tropical environment: I. Frequency of watering and method of application of nitrogen

Hearn

1975

J. Agric. Sci.

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Two experiments were made in successive years in which three frequencies of watering were combined factorially with several rates and methods of applying nitrogen. Soil water content and leaf water potential were measured. The least frequent watering treatment decreased yield and nitrogen applications increased yield. All of the effect of water and most of the effect of nitrogen were associated with changes in the number rather than the weight of bolls. Although the combination of heavy nitrogen with frequent watering caused the crop initially to set fruit more slowly than did heavy nitrogen with infrequent watering, it prolonged flowering and increased the number of fruit ultimately set. Thus yield and the potential duration and cost of insect control were also increased. There were no differences in yield nor rate of setting between the following methods of application of the nitrogen: all applied to the seed bed; split application between the seed bed and side dressing 2 months later; and split application between the seed bed, side dressing, and irrigation water. However, when application was split so that most was applied in the water, the response was not as great. Application of nitrogen combined with frequent watering decreased the weight of the early bolls by decreasing fibre per seed. Nitrogen increased the weight of later bolls by increasing the number and weight of seeds. The practical and physiological implications of these results are discussed and a crop nutritional hypothesis for cotton developed further.

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“…Plant water deficits may induce both leaf and boll abscission from cotton under field conditions (5,6,18). In most instances, actual separation follows relief from the deficit and rehydration of the abscission zone.…”

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An Effect of Water Stress on Ethylene Production by Intact Cotton Petioles

1972

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The concept that ethylene is an endogenous growth regulator has evolved in the past few years (16). This concept has been strengthened by recent findings that internal concentrations of endogenous ethylene in vegetative tissues reach physiologically active levels (3,12,13). These internal concentrations have been directly related to the corresponding production rates of excised tissues (13), although parallel data on production rates of intact plant tissues are not available. Using excised abscission zones from primary bean leaves, Jackson and Osborne (9) presented evidence that the timing of abscission of explant petioles can be related to the extent of ethylene production adjacent to the separation zone. They suggest that the ethylene production is coupled to a particular stage of senescence. Further, they proposed that in natural leaf abscission ethylene initiates the biochemical sequences leading to separation, but the mechanism is not clear. Beyer and Morgan (4) have recently shown that ethylene production by and internal levels in detached cotton cotyledons increases as auxin transport declines. Amounts of exogenous ethylene necessary to induce abscission and inhibit auxin transport were similar. They propose that the rise in ethylene production and decline in auxin transport capacity are causally related and that reduced auxin transport is one of the ethylene mediated actions which precede induction of hydrolytic enzymes in the separation layer. Their measurement of ethylene involved whole cotyledons and was not restricted to the petiole. McAfee and Morgan (13) found internal ethylene levels and production rates were several times higher in petioles than leaf blades. Since auxin must be translocated through the petiole to the abscission zone, this observation strengthens the proposed role of ethylene in auxin transport inhibition preceding cotton leaf abscission (4). Alternatively, high rates of ethylene production by petiole tissue near the abscission zone may directly trigger the biochemical changes preceding separation independent from the proposed effect on auxin supply to the abscission zone.Aside from abscission related to senescence, little attention has been directed to other problems of natural abscission, particularly those involving environmental stresses. Plant water deficits may induce both leaf and boll abscission from cotton under field conditions (5, 6, 18). In most instances, actual separation follows relief from the deficit and rehydration of the abscission zone. This communication describes the effect of a brief period of water deficit on ethylene production by intact cotton petioles. MATERIALS AND METHODSCotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L. var TM-1) used in this study were grown in pots containing sand in a greenhouse and were between 75 and 90 days of age. Each pot contained two plants of equal size, each with 15 to 17 leaves on the main stem. The use of paired plants made possible the determination of leaf water potential on one plant, while ethylene production was measured on the ...

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Boll Shedding and Growth of the Cotton Plant in Relation to Irrigation Frequency¹

Abstract: Synopsis On a sandy loam soil the flowering and vegetative growth were increased by frequent irrigation. Shedding was also increased but over a considerable range in irrigation frequency total boll set was unaffected.

Cited by 51 publications

References 4 publications

Moisture Deficit Effects on Cotton Lint Yield, Yield Components, and Boll Distribution

Moisture Deficit Effects on Cotton Lint Yield, Yield Components, and Boll Distribution

Response of cotton to water and nitrogen in a tropical environment: I. Frequency of watering and method of application of nitrogen

An Effect of Water Stress on Ethylene Production by Intact Cotton Petioles

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Boll Shedding and Growth of the Cotton Plant in Relation to Irrigation Frequency1

Abstract: Synopsis On a sandy loam soil the flowering and vegetative growth were increased by frequent irrigation. Shedding was also increased but over a considerable range in irrigation frequency total boll set was unaffected.

Cited by 51 publications

References 4 publications

Moisture Deficit Effects on Cotton Lint Yield, Yield Components, and Boll Distribution

Moisture Deficit Effects on Cotton Lint Yield, Yield Components, and Boll Distribution

Response of cotton to water and nitrogen in a tropical environment: I. Frequency of watering and method of application of nitrogen

An Effect of Water Stress on Ethylene Production by Intact Cotton Petioles

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Product

Resources

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Boll Shedding and Growth of the Cotton Plant in Relation to Irrigation Frequency¹