Bolsals, Mendean amphoras, and the date of the Porticello shipwreck

Lead anchor-stock cores from Tektas Burnu, Turkey

“…["] Eiseman and Ridgway have since argued that the Porticello stock cores demonstrate that Type IIa anchors existed as early as the turn of the 5th century, but the Porticello pottery now seems to indicate a date no earlier than the early 4th century for that wreck (Eiseman & Ridgway, 1987: 22;Lawall, 1998). The anchor recently discovered during the Ma'agan Michael excavation provided a stronger case that Type IIa…”

Spartan dependence on Laurion lead

“…66–67). The late 5th‐ to early 4th‐century Porticello shipwreck shows that Aegean lead continued to travel to Western markets during or shortly after the Peloponnesian War (on dating the wreck see Lawall, 1998). As part of a mixed cargo and the crew’s possessions, lead and silver nuggets and fine bronze sculptures alongside a range of other goods and personal items were found (Eiseman & Ridgway, 1987).…”

The 5th-Century BC Shipwreck at Tektaş Burnu, Turkey: evidence for the ship's hull from nail concretions

“…The use of double‐clenched nails is seen on Classical period shipwrecks in the Mediterranean, such as at Ma‘agan Mikhael in Israel ( c. 400 BC), Porticello in the Strait of Messina in Italy ( c. 400–385 BC) and near Kyrenia in Cyprus (construction c. 315–305, sinking c. 295–285 BC) (Tylecote, : 274–5; Eiseman and Ridgway, : 11–15; Fitzgerald, : 196–7; Lawall, (date of the Porticello wreck); Kahanov et al ., ; Kahanov, : 96–9; Yovel, : 83–104; Katzev, : 72 (dates of Kyrenia ship)). This method of double‐clenching nails remained standard practice in Mediterranean hull construction and continued to be employed until the beginning of the Roman Imperial period in the late first century BC (Fitzgerald, : 196–7).…”