Bolt-bearing strength and its relationship to mechanical properties of wood, evaluated in six Indonesian tropical hardwoods

Herawati, Evalina; Sadiyo, Sucahyo; Nugroho, Naresworo; Karlinasari, Lina

doi:10.1080/20426445.2017.1394562

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This decrease could be due to the larger surface area of the wood hole, thus lowering the strength limit of the wood. This is also in line with the trend of the results of studies conducted by [8,9]. The coefficient of variation in the parallel to the grain bearing strength test was generally the lowest in rubberwood (4-10%) and the highest in terap wood (18-25%), the values were still within the range of normal values for testing the wood mechanical properties.…”

Section: Figure 2 Load Vs Displacement Curves For Parallel To the Gra...supporting

confidence: 89%

“…The condition of the sample in this case experienced compaction at the bottom of the bolt. This pattern was also shown in Eucalyptus grandis [6] and light and heavy red meranti wood where the specific gravity was 0.43 and 0.62 respectively [9]. Determination of the load used to calculate the bearing strength was based on the yield load determined by the 5% offset diameter method from the load-deformation curve of the test results.…”

Section: Bolt-bearing Strength Parallel To the Grainmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Previous studies have shown that the formula contained in the referenced standard is more suitable for softwood than for hardwood [4,5]. Some studies on the dowel bearing strength using hardwood showed a lower value than the value found in the referenced standard [5][6][7][8][9]. Besides the limited hardwood database in formulating the standard, this is also related to the wood moisture content (MC) in the test, where usually test for tropical hardwood is carried out in air-dried MC conditions which are usually above 12% to 20%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in MC will cause a decrease in the wood-bearing strength of about 2-3% per 1% MC [10,11]. If tested at 12% MC, the experimental findings exceeded the IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1115/1/012039 2 standard values, such as the bearing strength of merbau wood, which was 11% more than NDS 2015 and 23% above the SNI 7973 [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study evaluated the bolt-bearing strength of six wood species from natural forests, with a specific gravity range of 0.4-0.8 [9]. Meanwhile, much of the timber traded comes from plantations or community forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bolt-bearing strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain of four Indonesian hardwoods

Herawati

Hartono

Harahap

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Bearing strength is an important factor in determining the load-carrying capacity of a bolt-timber connection besides the bolt-bending yield strength. This study aims to determine the bolt-bearing strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain using three bolt diameters (6, 9 and 12 mm) in four hardwoods species with different specific gravities, namely terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus), durian (Durio zibethinus), mindi (Melia azedarach L) and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg). The bolt-bearing strength was determined as described in ASTM D5764 using half-hole testing. The moisture contents ranged from 13.49–14.77% and specific gravities were 0.33–0.60. The higher the specific gravity, the higher the bearing strength. The bearing strength values parallel to the grain were higher than those perpendicular to the grain. The bearing strengths parallel to the grain were 3–18% and 2–24% lower than those based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7973 and National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction 2015, respectively. In contrast, the experimental bearing strength of mindi was 8% higher than the SNI. Except for mindi, which was 22% exceed SNI and 9% above NDS, bearing strengths perpendicular to the grain were 3-32% and 14-41% less than values based on SNI and NDS, respectively.

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Section: Figure 2 Load Vs Displacement Curves For Parallel To the Gra...supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Bolt-bearing Strength Parallel To the Grainmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bolt-bearing strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain of four Indonesian hardwoods

Herawati

Hartono

Harahap

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Analysis of Changes in Vessel Cells of Meranti and Bangkirai Wood Placed Outdoors

Fernandes,

Erwin,

Karyadi

et al. 2024

BIO Web Conf.

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Wood, as a renewable material, can be used for indoor and outdoor products. Meranti and Bangkirai as commercial woods, are used outdoors. The wood used outdoors will experience wood cell damage and discoloration on the surface. The research aims to determine the pattern of damage and discoloration of wood vessel cells in Meranti and Bangkirai wood due to weather exposure for 5 months in Samarinda. The wood cell damage was observed microscopically, and changes in wood vessel cells colour were observed using the CIE lab method on parameters L*, a*, b*, and ΔE. The study’s results showed that after being exposed to the weather for 2 months, the vessel cells of Meranti and Bangkirai wood began to experience degradation. In Meranti wood, the vessel cells were completely degraded and left cracks after 4 months, while in Bangkirai wood, it was 5 months. After being exposed to the weather for 5 months, Meranti wood vessel cells experienced changes in the parameters ΔL -10.65, Δa -14.68, Δb -12.89, and ΔE 22.25. While Bangkirai, ΔL -7.01, Δa -12.84, Δb 15.95 and ΔE 21.64.

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Mechanical properties of jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) wood 13 years old and its potential utilization as a structural material

Herawati,

Anna,

Dabukke

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) is a type of fast-growing tree that is expected to meet the national demand for wood because it has fast-growing properties. This study’s objective was to examine the mechanical properties of 13 years old jabon wood based on its position in the stem. The preparation of mechanical properties test samples and their tests refer to the British Standard (BS) 373 Methods of testing small clear specimens of timber and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D143 Standard test method for small clear specimens of timber. Based on the results of the study, the stem parts (bottom, middle, and top) had no significant effect on the mechanical properties of wood except for the compressive strength parallel to the grain and hardness. In general, the mechanical properties showed an increase from the bottom to the top of the stem and from the pith toward the bark, although there were some differences. The mechanical properties of jabon wood obtained from this study generally showed higher values than jabon wood used in other studies with younger ages, although in general, it did not change the category of jabon wood from strength class III-IV. However, its use as a structural material would be more profitable than using a younger age of jabon wood, as it is usually harvested so far.

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Bolt-bearing strength and its relationship to mechanical properties of wood, evaluated in six Indonesian tropical hardwoods

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Bolt-bearing strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain of four Indonesian hardwoods

Bolt-bearing strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain of four Indonesian hardwoods

Analysis of Changes in Vessel Cells of Meranti and Bangkirai Wood Placed Outdoors

Mechanical properties of jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) wood 13 years old and its potential utilization as a structural material

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