Bonded CFRP/Steel Systems, Remedies of Bond Degradation and Behaviour of CFRP Repaired Steel: An Overview

Borrie, Daniel; Al-Saadi, Saad; Zhao, Xiao‐Ling; Singh, Raman Raghuvir Kumar; Bai, Yu

doi:10.3390/polym13091533

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…The favorable properties of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), including their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistivity, and light weight make them an attractive material for strengthening steel structures. Extensive research has proven the effectiveness of bonding the FRP composites to structural steel elements for strengthening purposes [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Steel Beams Strengthened by Bolted Hybrid FRP Composites

et al. 2023

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The strengthening of steel beams using hybrid fiber-reinforced polymers (HFRPs) has gained enormous attention over the last decades. Few researchers have investigated the effectiveness of the fastening techniques without a bonding agent to overcome the undesirable debonding failure of the bonded FRP–steel system. This paper reports the outcomes of experimental and numerical investigations conducted on steel beams strengthened by HFRP using steel bolts. Twenty-two steel beams were tested in four-point loading to investigate the effect of the HFRP length and the bolt arrangement on the flexural behavior of the strengthened systems. The observed failure modes, load-deflection relations, deflection profiles, and strain measurements were also studied. The tested beams showed a ductile behavior, with 15.1 and 22.2% enhancements in the yield and ultimate flexural capacities, respectively. Simplified empirical equations were developed to predict the ultimate load of the bolted HFRP–steel beams. ANSYS software was used to model the beams’ behavior and investigate the effects of the HFRP thickness, bolt spacing, steel grade, loading scheme, and beam length on the effectiveness of the adopted fastening technique. Increasing the HFRP length enhanced the utilization of HFRPs as well as the beam’s ductility, with a reduction of up to 51.2% in the mid-span deflection. Moreover, the strain compatibility of the HFRP–steel beams was improved with an 87.2% reduction in the interfacial slippage. The bolt arrangement showed an insignificant effect on the overall performance of the beams. The numerical results verified the effectiveness of the fastening technique in enhancing the flexural performance of the steel beams, with gains of up to 16.7% and 34.5% in the yield and ultimate load-carrying capacities, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Steel Beams Strengthened by Bolted Hybrid FRP Composites

et al. 2023

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“…Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have been widely used in rehabilitating structural steel elements due to their corrosion resistivity, lightweight and high strength-to-weight ratio. The common practice of strengthening steel structures involves bonding FRP composites to targeted steel members using adhesive [2][3][4]. Numerous research was conducted on bonded FRP-steel joints to assess the effects of the bond length, adhesive thickness and chemical composition on the bond behavior of the bonded system [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several end-anchorage techniques were used companioned with the bonding process in attempts to delay the de-bonding failure [7][8][9][10]. Despite the effectiveness of the bonding technique in improving the load capacity of the rehabilitated steel beams, de-bonding of the adhesive generally controls the failure of the bonded system and risks its ductility [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Numerical Modelling of Steel Beams Strengthened by Purely Fastened FRP Sheets

AbouEl-Hamd¹,

Sweedan²,

El-Ariss³

et al. 2023

World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering

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Strengthening of steel beams using fasteners was recently introduced by a few researchers to overcome the undesirable debonding failure of the adhesively bonded FRP-steel beams. This paper investigates numerically the performance of steel beams strengthened by FRP sheets anchored using steel fasteners without a bonding agent. Detailed numerical models of fastened FRP-steel beams were developed using ANSYS software and verified against published experimental results. The calculated error between the experimental and numerical ultimate loads ranged from 2.6 to 10.2% proving the accuracy of the developed model. The verified model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of applying the fastening technique in enhancing the load capacity of FRP-steel beams subjected to one-point and two-point loads while adopting various FRP thicknesses of 3.175, 6.35 and 12.7 mm. Ultimate load improvements of 7.8, 20.2 and 25.8% were obtained for beams subjected to one-point load and fastened by the 3.175, 6.35 and 12.7 mm thick FRP sheets, respectively. Meanwhile, beams subjected to two-point loads showed 18.7, 21.5 and 25.2% enhancements in the ultimate load for the three thicknesses, respectively. Increasing the thickness of the FRP sheet boosted the ultimate load of the fastened FRP-steel beam; however, the ductility of the system was reduced.

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“…Bonding the FRP composites to the steel members using epoxy adhesives was the common practice in the strengthening application. However, research and practical applications reported undesirable brittle failure of the bonded FRP-steel system at the adhesive layer, as the bonded system is sensitive to the applied surface preparations and curing processes [1,2]. Several investigations were conducted to analyze the behavior of the bonded FRP-steel joints and beams considering various types and layouts of FRP composites, epoxy adhesives, bond length and bond thickness [1], [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of FRP-Steel Joints and FRP-Steel Beams Fastened by FRP Anchors

AbouEl-Hamd¹,

Sweedan²,

El-Ariss³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference On Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering (ICCSTE 2023)

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This paper reports on the experimental results of utilizing anti-corrosive FRP anchors in FRP-steel joints and FRP-steel beams for strengthening purposes. The FRP anchors were introduced in replacement of the steel bolts typically used in the mechanical fastening methods of strengthening steel structures. FPR laminates were fastened to steel plates in a double-lap arrangement using 10 mm and 13 mm diameter FRP anchors without a bonding agent. The tested joints showed good bearing between the anchors and the fastened FRP laminates. FRP-steel joints fastened by the 10 mm diameter anchors experienced early shear fracture, risking the joints' ductility. Better ultimate load capacity, bearing and ductility were attained by utilizing the 13 mm anchors compared to the 10 mm anchors. The fastening technique was then implemented on full-scale steel beams by fastening the FRP laminates to the beams' bottom flange using the 13 mm FRP anchors. The flexural performance of the beams under two point loads was reported in view of the loaddeflection curves, observed failure modes and strain measurements. The strengthened beams showed good bearing between the anchors and the laminates before the fracture of the anchors occurred. The strengthened beams showed higher ultimate load capacity than the unstrengthened beams, opening the horizon for additional investigations on the utilization of FRP anchors in strengthening steel beams.

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Bonded CFRP/Steel Systems, Remedies of Bond Degradation and Behaviour of CFRP Repaired Steel: An Overview

Cited by 26 publications

References 135 publications

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Steel Beams Strengthened by Bolted Hybrid FRP Composites

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Steel Beams Strengthened by Bolted Hybrid FRP Composites

On the Numerical Modelling of Steel Beams Strengthened by Purely Fastened FRP Sheets

Performance of FRP-Steel Joints and FRP-Steel Beams Fastened by FRP Anchors

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