Bonding of hydroxycinnamic acids to lignin: ferulic and p-coumaric acids are predominantly linked at the benzyl position of lignin, not the β-position, in grass cell walls

Lam, Thi Bach Tuyet; Kadoya, Kento; Iiyama, Kenji

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00052-8

Cited by 157 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, only a minor fraction exists in the free acid form. The major fraction is linked through ester, ether, or acetal bonds to cellulose, proteins, lignin [19,20], flavonoids, glucose, terpenes, etc. [21,22].…”

Section: Sources and Role Of Phenolic Acids And Flavonoids In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids

Stalikas¹

2007

J of Separation Science

853

539

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ReviewExtraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoidsThe impetus for developing analytical methods for phenolic compounds in natural products has proved to be multifaceted. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of this category of compounds have appeared over the past two decades. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review provides an updated and extensive overview of methods and their applications in natural product matrices and samples of biological origin. In addition, it critically appraises recent developments and trends, and provides selected representative bibliographic examples.

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Section: Sources and Role Of Phenolic Acids And Flavonoids In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids

Stalikas¹

2007

J of Separation Science

853

539

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“…It has been reported that the cell walls of monocotyledons (including grass) and the "core" Caryophyllales contain substantial amounts of the ester-linked hydroxycinnamic acids (Harris and Trethewey, 2010;Molinari et al, 2013), and both ferulic acids and coumaric acids are ester linked to adjacent arabinosyl units of glucuronoarabinoxylans in primary and secondary cell walls of grasses (Ishii, 1997;Lam et al, 2001;Ralph et al, 2004). In grasses, the ester-bound ferulate (including dehydro diferulates) and coumarate are required for the cross linking of adjacent polysaccharides (Harris and Trethewey, 2010;Grabber et al, 2004).…”

Section: Dpw2 Is Required For Oligomer and Polymer Formation In The Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective Pollen Wall 2 (DPW2) Encodes an Acyl Transferase Required for Rice Pollen Development

Xu¹,

et al. 2016

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Aliphatic and aromatic lipids are both essential structural components of the plant cuticle, an important interface between the plant and environment. Although cross links between aromatic and aliphatic or other moieties are known to be associated with the formation of leaf cutin and root and seed suberin, the contribution of aromatic lipids to the biosynthesis of anther cuticles and pollen walls remains elusive. In this study, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) male sterile mutant, defective pollen wall 2 (dpw2), which showed an abnormal anther cuticle, a defective pollen wall, and complete male sterility. Compared with the wild type, dpw2 anthers have increased amounts of cutin and waxes and decreased levels of lipidic and phenolic compounds. DPW2 encodes a cytoplasmically localized BAHD acyltransferase. In vitro assays demonstrated that recombinant DPW2 specifically transfers hydroxycinnamic acid moieties, using v-hydroxy fatty acids as acyl acceptors and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoAs as acyl donors. Thus, The cytoplasmic hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:v-hydroxy fatty acid transferase DPW2 plays a fundamental role in male reproduction via the biosynthesis of key components of the anther cuticle and pollen wall.In flowering plants, male reproductive development is a complex biological event that is essential to the survival and reproduction of the species. One distinctive feature of plant male development is the formation of the stamen, which consists of the anther and the supporting filament. The anther is composed of somatic anther wall layers and microspore mother cells (MMCs), which produces pollen grains via meiosis followed by two rounds of mitosis. After anther morphogenesis is complete, four centric layers are formed in the anther wall: the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum (

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“…8) HAs are involved in ether linkages with lignin components providing the connection between lignins and hemicelluloses. 9) These linkages help to strengthen plant cell walls and decrease cell-wall loosening due to various stimuli, such as osmotic stress. 10) HAs serve as antioxidants often used in foods, cosmetics, and drugs to prevent the oxidation of substrates such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA.…”

Section: 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%