Bonding performance of wood bonded with adhesive mixtures composed of phenol-formaldehyde and bio-oil

Özbay, Günay; Ayrılmış, Nadir

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.12.028

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This happened because the reactivity of the phenol compounds in bio-oil to formaldehyde was lower than that of phenol, leading to the decrease of polymerization degree. This had been discussed by Aslan et al [22] and Ozbay and Ayrilmis [26]. Additionally, Ozbay and Ayrilmis [26] indicated another reason for the decrease of bonding strength was the increasing viscosity of resin by adding bio-oil (Table 1), which made the resin harder to penetrate into veneers to form nails.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Aging Properties of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Modified by Bio-Oil Using UV Weathering

Chang

et al. 2018

Polymers

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The aging properties of phenol-formaldehyde resin modified by bio-oil (BPF) were analyzed using ultraviolet (UV) weathering. The variations on bonding strength of BPF were measured, and the changes on microstructure, atomic composition and chemical structure of BPF were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. With the increase of aging time, the bonding strength decreased gradually, the resin surface became rougher and the O/C radio of resin surface increased. However, the loss rate of bonding strength of BPFs was 9.6–23.0% lower than that of phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) after aging 960 h. The aging degree of BPF surfaces was smaller in comparison to PF at the same aging time. These results showed that the bio-oil had a positive effect on the anti-aging property. Analytical results revealed that with increasing the aging time, the XPS peak area of C–C/C–H decreased, while that of C=O and O–C=O increased. The intensity of methylene and ether bridges in NMR analysis decreased along with increasing the intensity of aldehydes, ketones, acids and esters. These results indicated that the aging mechanism of BPF was a process of the breakage of molecular chains and formation of oxygen-containing compounds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Aging Properties of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Modified by Bio-Oil Using UV Weathering

Chang

et al. 2018

Polymers

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“…The viscosity, pH value, solid content, formaldehyde emissions, and bonding strength of BPF and PF resins were summarized in Table . BPF resin had larger viscosity value than PF resin, most likely because of the much larger molecular in bio‐oil, such as long‐chain ketones and ester . The pH value of bio‐oil (3.5) was low because of the organic acids in the bio‐oil, but the pH value of BPF resin (11.16) was close to the value of the PF resin (11.53), which meant the acid in the bio‐oil had little impact on the synthetic reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, phenol, one of the main raw materials in the synthesis of PF resin, is derived from petroleum‐based chemicals. The rising price of petroleum together with the scarcity of fossil feedstock and promoting environment‐friendly products have encouraged renewable resources . Hence, considerable efforts have been made to replace phenol partially with cheaper materials or renewable resources, such as urea , lignin , and plant oil .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of aging performance of bio‐oil phenol‐formaldehyde resin with the treatment of artificial accelerated aging method

Xing

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The aging performance of bio‐oil phenol‐formaldehyde (BPF) resin was investigated using artificial accelerated aging method. After the treatment, the variations on the mass and bonding strength of plywood with BPF resin were determined. The changes in the microstructure, functional groups, and chemical bonds of adhesive films with BPF resin were also analyzed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The decrease of mass loss and bonding strength of BPF resin were smaller, the surface of BPF resin was smoother, and the amounts of CH2 groups and COC groups of BPF resin were larger than that of phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resin at the same aged period. These results indicated that the bio‐oil could be used to improve the aging performance of PF resin. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1810–1816, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Phenolic resin is synthesized with phenol and formaldehyde and has been extensively used as an adhesive, plastic, ablative material, and so on . However, formaldehyde is a kind of human carcinogen .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of sustainable glucose and furfural in the synthesis of formaldehyde‐free phenolic resole resins

Sui

Cheng

Yang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Sustainable resol-type resins [phenol-furfural-glucose (PFuG), phenol-furfural (PFu), and phenol-glucose resins] were synthesized via alkali catalysis. The chemical structures of the PFuG resins, which had different molar ratios of glucose to furfural, were analyzed by 1 H-NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A possible mechanism for formation of the PFuG resin was proposed. The crosslinking curing behaviors of the PFuG resins were examined by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The performance of the PFuG resins as wood adhesives was studied.

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Bonding performance of wood bonded with adhesive mixtures composed of phenol-formaldehyde and bio-oil

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Aging Properties of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Modified by Bio-Oil Using UV Weathering

Aging Properties of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Modified by Bio-Oil Using UV Weathering

Investigation of aging performance of bio‐oil phenol‐formaldehyde resin with the treatment of artificial accelerated aging method

Use of sustainable glucose and furfural in the synthesis of formaldehyde‐free phenolic resole resins

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