Bone and skeletal muscle: Key players in mechanotransduction and potential overlapping mechanisms

Goodman, Craig A.; Hornberger, Troy A.; Robling, Alexander G.

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.014

Cited by 119 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 231 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…Skeletal muscle is known to be a large organ that can release myokines to promote fracture healing . Myostatin is a well‐known potent inhibitor of muscle growth and a key mediator of human sarcopenia .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Impaired Fracture Healing in Sarco‐Osteoporotic Mice Can Be Rescued by Vibration Treatment Through Myostatin Suppression

Zhang

Chim

Wang

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in fragility fracture patients and is associated with delayed healing. In this study, we investigated the effect of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) on osteoporotic fracture with sarcopenia and the potential role of myostatin. Osteoporotic fractures created in sarcopenic SAMP8, non-sarcopenic SAMR1 were randomized to control or LMHFV (SAMP8, SAMR1, SAMP8-V, or SAMR1-V) groups. Healing and myostatin expression were evaluated at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-fracture. In vitro, conditioned-media were collected from myofibers isolated from aged and young SAMP8 or C2C12 myoblasts with or without LMHFV. Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 under osteogenic differentiation were treated with plain or conditioned-medium (±myostatin propeptide). LMHFV significantly enhanced callus formation was in non-sarcopenic SAMR1 mice; but the enhancement effect was not significant in SAMP8 mice at week 2. Myostatin expressions in callus and biceps femoris of SAMP8 group were significantly higher all groups with significant negative correlation with callus size (R 2 = 0.7256; p = 0.0004). Mechanical properties (week 4) and callus remodeling (week 6) were inferior in SAMP8 versus SAMR1 and were significantly enhanced by LMHFV. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Runx2 expression of MC3T3-E1 was lower in aged myofiber compared with young, but upregulated by LMHFV or myostatin inhibition; also confirmed with C2C12. LMHFV enhanced early callus formation, microarchitecture, callus remodeling and mechanical properties of fracture healing in both SAMP8 and SAMR1; however, more effective in non-sarcopenic SAMR1 mice. Impaired fracture healing in sarcopenic SAMP8 mice is attributed by elevated myostatin expression in callus and muscle, which correlated negatively with callus formation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Impaired Fracture Healing in Sarco‐Osteoporotic Mice Can Be Rescued by Vibration Treatment Through Myostatin Suppression

Zhang

Chim

Wang

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Interestingly, a slightly decreased bone mass by DXA was observed in diet, increasing back to baseline after the recovery period. The result may be due to the direct effects of decreased body and muscle mass on mechanical forces (Goodman et al, 2015), decreased energy availability (Ihle and Loucks, 2004) and/or lowered estradiol and testosterone that are both anabolic to bone based on some (Davis et al, 1995), but not all studies (Muñoz et al, 2002). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Intensive Weight Reduction on Body Composition and Serum Hormones in Female Fitness Competitors

et al. 2017

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Worries about the potential negative consequences of popular fat loss regimens for aesthetic purposes in normal weight females have been surfacing in the media. However, longitudinal studies investigating these kinds of diets are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 4-month fat-loss diet in normal weight females competing in fitness-sport. In total 50 participants finished the study with 27 females (27.2 ± 4.1 years) dieting for a competition and 23 (27.7 ± 3.7 years) acting as weight-stable controls. The energy deficit of the diet group was achieved by reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing aerobic exercise while maintaining a high level of protein intake and resistance training in addition to moderate fat intake. The diet led to a ~12% decrease in body weight (P < 0.001) and a ~35–50% decrease in fat mass (DXA, bioimpedance, skinfolds, P < 0.001) whereas the control group maintained their body and fat mass (diet × group interaction P < 0.001). A small decrease in lean mass (bioimpedance and skinfolds) and in vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area (ultrasound) were observed in diet (P < 0.05), whereas other results were unaltered (DXA: lean mass, ultrasound: triceps brachii thickness). The hormonal system was altered during the diet with decreased serum concentrations of leptin, triiodothyronine (T3), testosterone (P < 0.001), and estradiol (P < 0.01) coinciding with an increased incidence of menstrual irregularities (P < 0.05). Body weight and all hormones except T3 and testosterone returned to baseline during a 3–4 month recovery period including increased energy intake and decreased levels aerobic exercise. This study shows for the first time that most of the hormonal changes after a 35–50% decrease in body fat in previously normal-weight females can recover within 3–4 months of increased energy intake.

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“…Mechanical loads imposed upon bone through gravitational loading and internal loading through muscle contraction stimulate osteogenesis [4] although the specific mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. However animal studies suggest that bone formation is positively correlated with peak strain magnitude and rates, once a threshold level is exceeded [5, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Duration Small Sided Football and to a Lesser Extent Whole Body Vibration Exercise Induce Acute Changes in Markers of Bone Turnover

Bowtell

Jackman

Scott

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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We aimed to study whether short-duration vibration exercise or football sessions of two different durations acutely changed plasma markers of bone turnover and muscle strain. Inactive premenopausal women (n = 56) were randomized to complete a single bout of short (FG15) or long duration (FG60) small sided football or low magnitude whole body vibration training (VIB). Procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) was increased during exercise for FG15 (51.6 ± 23.0 to 56.5 ± 22.5 μg·L−1, mean ± SD, P < 0.05) and FG60 (42.6 ± 11.8 to 50.2 ± 12.8 μg·L−1, P < 0.05) but not for VIB (38.8 ± 15.1 to 36.6 ± 14.7 μg·L−1, P > 0.05). An increase in osteocalcin was observed 48 h after exercise (P < 0.05), which did not differ between exercise groups. C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen was not affected by exercise. Blood lactate concentration increased during exercise for FG15 (0.6 ± 0.2 to 3.4 ± 1.2 mM) and FG60 (0.6 ± 0.2 to 3.3 ± 2.0 mM), but not for VIB (0.6 ± 0.2 to 0.8 ± 0.4 mM) (P < 0.05). Plasma creatine kinase increased by 55 ± 63% and 137 ± 119% 48 h after FG15 and FG60 (P < 0.05), but not after VIB (26 ± 54%, NS). In contrast to the minor elevation in osteocalcin in response to a single session of vibration exercise, both short and longer durations of small sided football acutely increased plasma P1NP, osteocalcin, and creatine kinase. This may contribute to favorable effects of chronic training on musculoskeletal health.

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Bone and skeletal muscle: Key players in mechanotransduction and potential overlapping mechanisms

Cited by 119 publications

References 231 publications

Impaired Fracture Healing in Sarco‐Osteoporotic Mice Can Be Rescued by Vibration Treatment Through Myostatin Suppression

Impaired Fracture Healing in Sarco‐Osteoporotic Mice Can Be Rescued by Vibration Treatment Through Myostatin Suppression

The Effects of Intensive Weight Reduction on Body Composition and Serum Hormones in Female Fitness Competitors

Short Duration Small Sided Football and to a Lesser Extent Whole Body Vibration Exercise Induce Acute Changes in Markers of Bone Turnover

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