Bone Augmentation Techniques

Abstract

Background: The advent of osseointegration and advances in biomaterials and techniques have contributed to increased application of dental implants in the restoration of partial and completely edentulous patients. Often, in these patients, soft and hard tissue defects result from a variety of causes, such as infection, trauma, and tooth loss. These create an anatomically less favorable foundation for ideal implant placement. For prosthetic‐driven dental implant therapy, reconstruction of the alveolar bone through a variety of regenerative surgical procedures has become predictable; it may be necessary prior to implant placement or simultaneously at the time of implant surgery to provide a restoration with a good long‐term prognosis. Regenerative procedures are used for socket preservation, sinus augmentation, and horizontal and vertical ridge augmentation.Methods: A broad overview of the published findings in the English literature related to various bone augmentation techniques is outlined. A comprehensive computer‐based search was performed using various databases that include Medline and PubMed. A total of 267 papers were considered, with non‐peer‐reviewed articles eliminated as much as possible.Results: The techniques for reconstruction of bony defects that are reviewed in this paper include the use of particulate bone grafts and bone graft substitutes, barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration, autogenous and allogenic block grafts, and the application of distraction osteogenesis.Conclusions: Many different techniques exist for effective bone augmentation. The approach is largely dependent on the extent of the defect and specific procedures to be performed for the implant reconstruction. It is most appropriate to use an evidenced‐based approach when a treatment plan is being developed for bone augmentation cases.

The implications of different lateral wall thicknesses on surgical access to the maxillary sinus

“…The mucoperiosteum of the maxillary sinus floor, i.e., the Schneiderian membrane, is carefully elevated to create a space between this membrane and the sinus floor to allow placement of the bone grafting material of choice 10 . The Schneiderian membrane of the buccofacial sinus wall plays an important role in containing the bone graft, unlike in other oral and maxillofacial surgeries in which this membrane may be breached.…”

A Comparative Evaluation of Decalcified Freeze Dried Bone Allograft, Hydroxyapatite and Their Combination in Osseous Defects of the Jaws

“…HA when used with DFDBA as opposed to their single use also showed good results as a synergistic effect of osteoinduction and osteoinduction was observed [24][25][26].…”

Dental Implant Placement without Grafting in a Young Patient with a Large Cyst Defect

“…In clinical and experimental studies, the use of implants has become a popular and accepted treatment to partial and total missing teeth. The long-term success of oral implants in adult patients has encouraged clinicians to broaden the use of implants to young patients missing one or more teeth due to pathologic lesions or trauma [2,9,11].…”

“…60% of all jaw cysts are radicular or residual cysts [1][2][3]. Patients in their second and third decades of life are affected most commonly.…”