Bone cell attachment and growth on well‐characterized chitosan films

Abstract

Chitosan has been widely researched for bone tissue and implant applications. While initial results are promising, there are inconsistent reports regarding the biological responses. This may be due to inadequate evaluation of chitosan material properties. This study evaluated normal human osteoblast precursor cell attachment and proliferation on a series of well‐characterized chitosan films. The chitosan films exhibited a range of properties: 76–96% degree of de‐acetylation (DDA), 2400–8200 kDa viscosity‐average molecular weight, 62–90° contact angle, 0.24–2.46% residual ash, 5.3–287 µg cm−2 residual protein and 23–40% crystallinity. There was no trend or correlation between DDA, crystallinity, contact angle, molecular weight, residual ash or protein content and the attachment or growth of bone cells on chitosan films. All films supported higher levels of bone cell proliferation than tissue culture plastic, which supports the general hypothesis that chitosans are osteocompatible. The 78 and 92% DDA chitosan films supported the most cell proliferation, approximately 16 times that of tissue culture plastic controls, but no chitosan physiochemical property correlated with the increased cell growth. The lack of correlation is hindered since more than one physiochemical property changed for each chitosan material. Data do indicate that there may be much variability in chitosan materials, and this variability may make understanding and comparing biological performance of chitosan materials difficult. These results highlight the need for systematic characterizations of chitosan materials for predictable biomedical applications. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

Chitosan-coated Stainless Steel Screws for Fixation in Contaminated Fractures

“…Chitosan is a biopolymer biomaterial that has many reported medical applications, including as an implant coating [1,3,4,7,8,10,13,22]. This biopolymer biomaterial is a linear polysaccharide derived from crustacean shells and fungi cell walls and has known biocompatibility, drug delivery, and reported bacteriostatic properties [4,7,8,13,22].…”

Decreased bacteria activity on Si3N4 surfaces compared with PEEK or titanium

“…52 Antibacterial polymeric functionalized coatings which incorporate hyaluronic acid and chitosan have been investigated thoroughly. [52][53][54][55][56][57] Xerogel polymers that have been modified to release nitric oxide are effective in inhibiting the adhesion of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and E. coli. 58 A limitation of all such coatings is the transient duration of effectiveness, ie, once the coating dissipates, so does any antibacterial effect.…”

“…67,68 The anti-infectivity of Si 3 N 4 may also relate to surface chemistry, and the authors' observations are consistent with previous data with polymeric coatings containing chitosan, a material similar to Si 3 N 4 in terms of a net positive charge and the presence of amine groups at the surface. [52][53][54][55][56] The interaction of these groups with negatively charged bacteria reportedly leads to membrane disruption and lysis in chitosan-containing polymers. 56 However, further research is required to confirm whether or not this is a dominant operative mechanism for Si 3 N 4 .…”

Cytotoxicity of Different Degrees of De-Acetylated Chitosan on 3T3- and Two Human Tooth Fibroblast Cell-Lines

“…However, Hamilton [19] reported no relationship between the DDA of chitosan, mw or growth of cells. While a similar report by the growth of keratinocytes was noted [20].…”