Bone Cells

Bellido, Teresita; Plotkin, Lilian I.; Bruzzaniti, Angela

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813259-3.00003-8

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, either the absence or presence of a factor released by osteoclasts, or secreted only in the absence of Panx1, leads to changes in mesenchymal stem cell progenitors that might accelerate the differentiation of osteoblastic precursors. We propose that Panx1 deletion thereby leads to a reduction in the time in which the cells induce bone mineralization – while at the same time decreasing the expression of genes associated with bone mineralization such as DMP1 and Phex ( Bellido et al, 2019 ) – and increasing their terminal differentiation into osteocytes. The validity of this hypothesis and the mechanism by which this effect is only present in male mice, remain to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Bone accrual during development depends on the function of bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts ( Bellido et al, 2019 ). Previous studies showed that inhibition of Panx1 channels using mefloquine or small molecule analogs have pro- or anti-osteoclast differentiation effects in vitro , depending on the inhibitor dose and the age of the mice ( Pacheco-Costa et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-specific differences in direct osteoclastic versus indirect osteoblastic effects underlay the low bone mass of Pannexin1 deletion in TRAP-expressing cells in mice

et al. 2022

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Pannexin1 (Panx1) is a hemichannel-forming protein that participates in the communication of cells with the extracellular space. To characterize the role of osteoclastic Panx1 on bone, Panx1 fl/fl ;TRAP-Cre (Panx1 ΔOc ) mice were generated, and compared to Panx1 fl/fl littermates at 6 weeks of age. Total and femoral BMD was ~20% lower in females and males whereas spinal BMD was lower only in female Panx1 ΔOc mice. μCT analyses showed that cortical bone of the femoral mid-diaphysis was not altered in Panx1 ΔOc mice. In contrast, cancellous bone in the distal femur and lumbar vertebra was significantly decreased in both female and male Panx1 ΔOc mice compared to Panx1 fl/fl controls and was associated with higher osteoclast activity in female Panx1 ΔOc mice, with no changes in the males. On the other hand, vertebral bone formation was decreased for both sexes, resulting from lower mineral apposition rate in the females and lower mineralizing surface in the males. Consistent with an osteoclastic effect in female Panx1 ΔOc mice, osteoclast differentiation with RANKL/M-CSF and osteoclast bone resorbing activity in vitro were higher in female, but not male, Panx1 ΔOc mice, compared to Panx1 fl/fl littermates. Surprisingly, although Panx1 expression was normal in bone marrow stromal-derived osteoblasts from male and female Panx1 ΔOc mice, mineral deposition by male (but not female) Panx1 ΔOc osteoblasts was lower than controls, and it was reduced in male Panx1 fl/fl osteoblasts when conditioned media prepared from male Panx1 ΔOc osteoclast cultures was added to the cell culture media. Thus, deletion of Panx1 in TRAP-expressing cells in female mice leads to low bone mass primarily through a cell autonomous effect in osteoclast activity. In contrast, our evidence suggests that changes in the osteoclast secretome drive reduced osteoblast function in male Panx1 ΔOc mice, resulting in low bone mass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific differences in direct osteoclastic versus indirect osteoblastic effects underlay the low bone mass of Pannexin1 deletion in TRAP-expressing cells in mice

et al. 2022

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“…Form one side, 3D microfluidic device may allow the use of multicellular models, like osteocytes cultured with other cells of the bone microenvironment (e.g., osteoblasts and/or osteoclasts), to study the role of the osteocytic network on bone homeostasis and analyse its ability to induce osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis ( Middleton et al, 2017 ; George et al, 2018 ). On the other side, osteocytes are mechanosensors, sensing to different kinds and extents of mechanical load, and reacting through the regulation of bone homeostasis ( Brown et al, 2013 ; Bellido, 2014 ; Florencio-Silva et al, 2015 ; Terpos, 2015 ; Bellido et al, 2019 ), and thus, microscale bioreactors are very useful for study osteocyte-mediated mechanotransduction.…”

Section: Mimicking and Studying The Biological Features Of Bone Microenvironment By Using Perfused Macro/milli/micro Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfused Platforms to Mimic Bone Microenvironment at the Macro/Milli/Microscale: Pros and Cons

Lipreri

Baldini

Graziani

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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As life expectancy increases, the population experiences progressive ageing. Ageing, in turn, is connected to an increase in bone-related diseases (i.e., osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures). Hence, the search for new approaches to study the occurrence of bone-related diseases and to develop new drugs for their prevention and treatment becomes more pressing. However, to date, a reliable in vitro model that can fully recapitulate the characteristics of bone tissue, either in physiological or altered conditions, is not available. Indeed, current methods for modelling normal and pathological bone are poor predictors of treatment outcomes in humans, as they fail to mimic the in vivo cellular microenvironment and tissue complexity. Bone, in fact, is a dynamic network including differently specialized cells and the extracellular matrix, constantly subjected to external and internal stimuli. To this regard, perfused vascularized models are a novel field of investigation that can offer a new technological approach to overcome the limitations of traditional cell culture methods. It allows the combination of perfusion, mechanical and biochemical stimuli, biological cues, biomaterials (mimicking the extracellular matrix of bone), and multiple cell types. This review will discuss macro, milli, and microscale perfused devices designed to model bone structure and microenvironment, focusing on the role of perfusion and encompassing different degrees of complexity. These devices are a very first, though promising, step for the development of 3D in vitro platforms for preclinical screening of novel anabolic or anti-catabolic therapeutic approaches to improve bone health.

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“…Osteoblasts (OBs) originate from mesenchymal stem cells and are responsible for bone formation or osteogenesis [13][14][15][16][17]. In bone tissue, MSCs can originate from the adjacent area to vessel walls, the periosteum, and the endosteum [18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Bone Development: Differentiation and Activation Of Osteoblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis—Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad?

Tonk

Shoushrah

Babczyk

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Osteoporosis is a chronical, systemic skeletal disorder characterized by an increase in bone resorption, which leads to reduced bone density. The reduction in bone mineral density and therefore low bone mass results in an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance in the normally strictly regulated bone homeostasis. This imbalance is caused by overactive bone-resorbing osteoclasts, while bone-synthesizing osteoblasts do not compensate for this. In this review, the mechanism is presented, underlined by in vitro and animal models to investigate this imbalance as well as the current status of clinical trials. Furthermore, new therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis are presented, such as anabolic treatments and catabolic treatments and treatments using biomaterials and biomolecules. Another focus is on new combination therapies with multiple drugs which are currently considered more beneficial for the treatment of osteoporosis than monotherapies. Taken together, this review starts with an overview and ends with the newest approaches for osteoporosis therapies and a future perspective not presented so far.

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Bone Cells

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Sex-specific differences in direct osteoclastic versus indirect osteoblastic effects underlay the low bone mass of Pannexin1 deletion in TRAP-expressing cells in mice

Sex-specific differences in direct osteoclastic versus indirect osteoblastic effects underlay the low bone mass of Pannexin1 deletion in TRAP-expressing cells in mice

Perfused Platforms to Mimic Bone Microenvironment at the Macro/Milli/Microscale: Pros and Cons

Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis—Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad?

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