Bone grafting in maxillofacial trauma

Abstract

Purpose of review The purpose of this article is to review the recent grafting strategies in maxillofacial trauma. Recent findings Recent technological advancements have applications in the management of maxillofacial trauma; advancements in imaging modalities such as 3D imaging can help surgeons in both the preoperative and intraoperative periods. These may be coupled with navigational systems to further facilitate complex reconstructions. 3D printing has been used in reconstruction and 3D, 4D, and 5D bioprinting technologies continue to improve and to find new uses, and stem cells and growth factors in maxillofacial trauma are also among the most studied topics. Maxillofacial traumas have decreased in number during the COVID-19 pandemic, as more conservative approaches have been preferred in COVID pandemic conditions. Summary Preoperative planning is the most important step in the reconstruction of maxillofacial trauma defects, and early bone and soft tissue reconstructions are recommended in severe maxillofacial traumas. Autogenous grafts are the gold standard in bone grafting. Nonvascularized grafts are planned according to the size, shape, and location of the defect, with vascularized bone flaps preferred in large defects, wide soft tissue defects, and contaminated defects. Alloplastic grafts or xenografts may be used if autogenous grafts are not available.

Biomimetic Scaffolds—A Novel Approach to Three Dimensional Cell Culture Techniques for Potential Implementation in Tissue Engineering

“…Currently, scientists are conducting research on 4D-printed biomaterials in a few applications. This includes the production of functional meniscal implants [ 82 ], regeneration of cartilage with chitosan derivatives [ 83 ], bone replacement implants for treating losses caused by trauma or genetic diseases [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ], and tooth implants [ 88 ]. Additionally, there is evidence of the potential usage of 4D-printed biomaterials in the engineering of the cardiovascular system.…”

Guided Bone Regeneration in a Periodontally Compromised Individual with Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft: A Radiomics Analysis

“…It is also difficult to conduct an implantation procedure or dental prosthesis in a patient with severe bone loss. Several studies have shown various techniques that can increase jawbone volume in periodontal cases, including autogenous bone grafting [13], guided bone regeneration techniques [14], and maxillary sinus floor elevation [15]. F. Pourdanesh [16] suggested that a tenting approach can reduce large autogenous bone grafts in severely atrophic ridges and local bony defects, improving the longevity of the implant.…”