Bone Marrow Aspirate Matrix: A Convenient Ally in Regenerative Medicine

Abstract

The rise in musculoskeletal disorders has prompted medical experts to devise novel effective alternatives to treat complicated orthopedic conditions. The ever-expanding field of regenerative medicine has allowed researchers to appreciate the therapeutic value of bone marrow-derived biological products, such as the bone marrow aspirate (BMA) clot, a potent orthobiologic which has often been dismissed and regarded as a technical complication. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have contributed to the expansion of medical knowledge, revealing optimistic results concerning the application of autologous bone marrow towards various impactful disorders. The bone marrow accommodates a diverse family of cell populations and a rich secretome; therefore, autologous BMA-derived products such as the “BMA Matrix”, may represent a safe and viable approach, able to reduce the costs and some drawbacks linked to the expansion of bone marrow. BMA provides —it eliminates many hurdles associated with its preparation, especially in regards to regulatory compliance. The BMA Matrix represents a suitable alternative, indicated for the enhancement of tissue repair mechanisms by modulating inflammation and acting as a natural biological scaffold as well as a reservoir of cytokines and growth factors that support cell activity. Although promising, more clinical studies are warranted in order to further clarify the efficacy of this strategy.

Bone marrow aspirate: a viable source of stem cells for bone regeneration. A systematic review

“…One of the methods able to improve healing of damaged tissue is the use of cellular based therapies. Expanded cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone marrow concentrate and bone marrow in toto, or bone marrow aspirate (BMA), represent the main strategies developed and used for tissue regeneration (Lana et al, 2021;Salamanna et al, 2018). Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 11, e94101119265, 2021 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.…”

“…Tissue engineering has been considered an emergent and alternative strategy for the treatment of these defects. In this context, a groing interest have been directed to bone marrow derived cells for regenerative therapies (Lana et al, 2021;Pelegrine et al, 2016;Kaigler et al, 2010).…”

Role of platelet rich plasma mediated repair and regeneration of cell in early stage of cardiac injury

“…Mixed VEGF and PDGF releases have also been shown to increase the ripening of the newly developed blood vessels alone versus VEGF release [ 92 ]. Other researchers [ 93 ] have proposed that fibrin degradation products (FDPs) may operate as molecular mediators that stimulate tissue healing, leading from the deposition of fibrins and elimination all the way to angiogenesis that is needed for the treatment of the wound, have previously been appreciated for fibrinolytic reactions. The cytokines contained in PRP therefore play a significant role in activating the cell types in mediating immunological responses, leading to resolution of the inflammatory phase.…”

Application of Orthobiologics in Achilles Tendinopathy: A Review

“…Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs): The cellular components of bone marrow can be divided into non-hematopoietic cells (pericytes, endothelial cells, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and Schwann cells) and hematopoietic cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes, monocytes, and osteoclasts) [ 74 ]. Additionally, there is also the presence of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), the two major adult stem cell types found in this tissue.…”