Bone marrow aspiration in haematological disorders: study at a tertiary care centre

Abstract

Background: The bone marrow examination is an essential investigation for the diagnosis and management of many disorders of the blood and bone marrow. Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) alone is usually sufficient to diagnose nutritional anaemias, and most of the acute leukaemias. Aim was to study the spectrum of haematological disorders diagnosed on bone marrow aspiration.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Haematology in Sher e Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir for a period of 2 years from December 2015 to December 2017. Bone marrow examination of 2131 cases of suspected hematological disorders was carried out. Bone marrow was aspirated from posterior superior iliac spine under local anaesthesia. Aspirates of dry tap were excluded from the study. Aspiration smears where stained with Leishmann stain for morphological examination.Results: A total of 2131 cases were included in this study. Male to female ratio in our study was 1.9:1. The age range of cases was from 1-80 years and the mean age was 47.3 years. Anemia was the most common haematological disorder in our study accounting for 25.6% of cases followed by acute leukaemia accounting for 22.3% and multiple myeloma (13.3%). Among anemias, megaloblastic anemia was most common followed by dual deficieny anemia. Among leukaemias, acute myeloid leukaemia (13.2%) was more common than acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (9.1%).Conclusions: Bone marrow aspiration cytology is a mildly invasive technique which can diagnose many hematological and non-hematologic diseases that can be confirmed by more advanced investigations viz. serological, biochemical or molecular. It is a highly informative test procedure performed for evaluating blood and blood related diseases in our environment.

Diagnostic Outcome of Bone Marrow Aspiration in a Tertiary Hospital in Ondo State, Nigeria

“…The high predominance of MA could be traced to the standard of living of the patients with most of them having to overcook their food most especially vegetables containing folates. This is in agreement done in India by Khan et al [17]. Iron deficiency anemia accounts for 5.2% in our study.…”

“…A larger number of our patients were male with a male-female ratio of 1:0.7. This is similar to study done by Dachi et al, with a larger percentage of patients known to be male [16], reports in India by Khan et al, also shows dominance of male which is in correlation with our study [17]. Majority of the BMA were done on in-patient basis which is similar to study done by Adewoyin et al in Benin City showing that most of the patient's symptoms and management required hospitalization [18].…”

Important of Morphological Examination of Bone Marrow for a Hematological and Non-Hematological Disorder

“…The lowest percentage (only one case) of myeloid dysplasia syndrome and Essential thrombocythemia was diagnosed in similar reported by the study done by Shah et al (8,16,17) .…”

Bone marrow aspiration cytology in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi State, Nigeria: Indications and diagnostic utility

“…7 preponderance similar to our findings. 8,9 However, Elmadhoun et al their study in Sudan found no difference in sex. 10 In contrast, Beddu-Addo et al in Ghana reported a female preponderance.…”

“…This is similar to what was obtained in various studies done within and outside Nigeria. [6][7][8][9] Awwalu et al in Zaria Northwestern Nigeria reported an age range of 1-78 years with male preponderance. 6 Elgesie et al in a study done in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria found an age range of 3-77 years.…”