Bone marrow coagulated and low‐level laser therapy accelerate bone healing by enhancing angiogenesis, cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization

Abstract

The present study evaluated bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone healing. It was created critical‐size defects (CSD) of 5 mm diameter in rat calvaria of 64 rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: Control (blood clot), BMA (coagulated BMA), LLLT (laser irradiation and blood clot), and BMA/LLLT (laser irradiation and coagulated BMA). Euthanasia was performed at 15 or 30 days postoperative. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed to identify vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN). The markers were quantified, and data were statistically analyzed. Groups BMA/LLLT and LLLT presented significantly higher VEGF expression than group control. Group BMA/LLLT presented a significantly higher expression of PCNA than all experimental groups. Groups BMA and BMA/LLLT presented significantly higher expression of BMP‐2 than all experimental groups. Groups LLLT and BMA/LLLT presented significantly higher expression of OPN than groups control and BMA. Groups LLLT, BMA, and BMA/LLLT presented a significantly higher expression of OCN than group control. It can be concluded that the association of BMA and LLLT enhanced bone healing by improving expression of VEGF, PCNA, Runx2, BMP‐2, OPN, and OCN.

Bone marrow aspirate: a viable source of stem cells for bone regeneration. A systematic review

“…These studies demonstrated that BMA can be a useful tool to promote bone formation. It is possible that the positive bone regeneration results observed in groups treated with BMA in the selected studies were due to a significant increase in MSC at the surgical site (Santinoni et al, 2021;Nagata et al, 2013). This hypothesis is supported by the findings of Smiler et al (2008) who analyzed samples of BMA of patients aged 23-73 years by flow cytometry analysis.…”

“…Using unprocessed cells can strength therapeutic potential and avoid treatment delay and extensive costs associated with cultivation steps (Bara et al, 2014). Therefore, studies have evaluated the use of BMA in bone healing, either alone or combined with other therapeutic modalities (Santinoni et al, 2021;Nagata et al, 2013;Bansal et al, 2009;Soltan et al, 2007), with promising results. Besides MSC, BMA contains a substantial amount of hematopoietic and endothelial stem cells (Smiler et al, 2008).…”

In vivo comparative study of the effects of using the enamel matrix derivative and/or photobiomodulation on the repair of bone defects

“…On the other hand, PBM therapy results in the photochemical interaction of light with cellular constituents promoting the acceleration of cell function. It is capable of modulating osteogenesis from the stimulus for the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells ( 21 ) and activating osteoblasts, inducing their proliferation ( 22 ) and thus increase the effectiveness of PBM in bone formation ( 23 ). This was confirmed in the present study in the groups treated with PBM therapy.…”

“…It should also be noted that LPL-mediated PBM is able to increase the blood supply in the injury area, through the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) ( 23 ). Oxygen plays an important role in all repair phases, due to its ability to contribute to the occurrence of angiogenesis, cell proliferation, bacterial reduction and collagen synthesis ( 25 ).…”

Sinking Our Teeth in Getting Dental Stem Cells to Clinics for Bone Regeneration

“…Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation was first discovered by accident when the Hungarian physician Endre Mester tried using it as treatment for tumors only to find that it resulted in stimulating hair regrowth and wound healing in rats [335]. Since then, it was proven to be an effective biostimulant and was investigated for multiple application including bone regeneration [336][337][338][339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346] and angiogenesis [347][348][349][350]. The effect of photobiomodulation was also studied in DSCs.…”