Bone marrow grafts restore cerebral blood flow and blood brain barrier in stroke rats

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the repair of central nervous system injury

“…Other mechanisms have been suggested to explain the action of transplanted MSCs, such as an elevated level of transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) that helps to reduce the formation of scar tissue, and restoration of cerebral blood flow and the blood-brain barrier in models of traumatic brain injury 45 and stroke. 47 Most of these studies found a small number of cells expressing markers of neural lineage; however, many have proposed alternative explanations for their findings of functional recovery, either because they found no evidence of neural differentiation after transplantation, or because the cells were so few in number. In contrast, functional improvement was documented with MSCs previously exposed to a 'neuronal' induction medium which resulted in increased differentiation into a neuronal phenotype.…”

Chronic Hyperperfusion and Angiogenesis Follow Subacute Hypoperfusion in the Thalamus of Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia

“…This hypoperfusion resolved by 28 days after ischemia, which may be due to the establishment of collateral blood supply. More recently, laser Doppler flowmetry has shown that periinfarct hypoperfusion prevails for several weeks after permanent (Eve et al, 2009) and transient (Borlongan et al, 2004) middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI has shown that hypoperfusion prevails for at least 3 days in the ipsilateral striatum (Rudin et al, 2001) and up to 14 days in the ipsilateral cortex (Lin et al, 2002).…”

Current Stage and Future Perspective of Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Stroke

“…The aged brain cell therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to promote brain tissue repair. In this regard, researchers are focused to identify the best candidate for stem cell therapy in stroke like Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) or Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) [5][6][7][8]. Of crucial importance when defining a novel therapeutic approach is the knowledge of mechanisms underlying the observed effects and to sustain these as long as long is needed for effective recovery.…”