Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition are Associated with Circulating Angiogenic Factors in Post-menopausal Women

Abstract

Lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) are closely related to bone mass (BM) in post-menopausal women, although their relative importance is unclear. Angiogenic factors which control angiogenesis may influence BM, LM and FM. The aim of the study was to compare the contribution of LM and FM to bone mineral density (BMD) and the association between these tissues and circulating angiogenic factors. The study population comprised of 392 post-menopausal women aged mean [SD] 61.8 [6.4] years. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (LS), neck of femur and total hip (TH) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA scan was also used to determine LM and FM. Angiopoietin-1 and 2 (ANG-1, ANG-2) were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following adjustment for confounders, significant positive independent associations were seen between LM with BMD at all skeletal sites (TH: p < 0.0001) and FM with BMD at the hip sites (TH: p = 0.004). When BMD and LM were regressed against the angiogenic factors, positive associations were seen between ANG-2 with LM (p = 0.002) and LS BMD (p = 0.05). Negative associations were observed between the ratio of ANG-1/ANG-2 with LS BMD (p = 0.014), TH BMD (p = 0.049) and LM (p = 0.029). FM and fat distribution (android/gynoid fat ratio) were negatively associated with ANG-1 (p = 0.006) and ANG-2 (p = 0.004), respectively. ANG-1 and ANG-2 may be involved in the maintenance of bone, muscle and fat mass.

Graphene‐Based MicroRNA Transfection Blocks Preosteoclast Fusion to Increase Bone Formation and Vascularization

“…According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation, more than 200 million people suffer from this disease worldwide 5. Recent studies suggest that there are two main issues to be solved in osteoporosis; one is increased osteoclastic bone resorption, and the other is decreased angiogenesis 6. Nevertheless, the current first line antiresorptive drug bisphosphonate only solves the first problem which is increased osteoclastogenesis but left the second problem behind.…”

Menopause-Associated Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Foods Beneficial for Postmenopausal Women

“…Most studies suggest that the changes in the composition of the female body coincide with menopause. Some of these changes can be partly explained by the impairment of the protective role of estrogens and a relative increase in circulating androgen levels [14]. Previous studies have demonstrated that endogenous sex hormones can influence the lipid profile in premenopausal and postmenopausal women because the receptors for estrogen and androgen are expressed in both visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes.…”

Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

“…In this study, we tested the hypothesis of whether endothelial dysfunction, diagnosed on the basis of increased blood sVCAM-1 concentration, affects AF occurrence and patient prognosis (risk of all-cause mortality, readmission, or stroke). We did so because endothelial dysfunction is related to the risk of several cardiovascular diseases [3], to the presence of inflammation [12], to obesity and body composition [9,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19], as well as being involved in the risk of thromboembolic complications of AF [20][21][22][23][24]. We also investigated whether sVCAM-1 might link obesity with the pathogenesis of AF and patient prognosis [10,11].…”

“…Blood sVCAM-1 concentration was analyzed as a crude value and as a ratio to the following: blood C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, fat mass (FM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The rationale for such indexation of sVCAM-1 was that its secretion and serum concentration are related to the presence of inflammation (CRP, inflammation related to obesity and fat mass) [12], obesity and body composition (FM, VAT) [9,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In this way, we can compare sVCAM-1 level adjusted to interpersonal diversity in inflammatory and adiposity status.…”

“…On the basis of the premises mentioned above, we formulated the hypothesis that blood sVCAM-1 concentration could, as a biomarker of altered systemic endothelial function, indicate the risk of heart atria ischemia and cardiac arrhythmia induced by the dispersion of the refraction time [3]. As endothelial function and angiogenesis are both related to AF risk and body mass and composition [9], we assumed that endothelial dysfunction may operate as a link between the risk of AF and obesity [10,11]. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between circulating sVCAM-1 and the risk of AF, type of arrhythmia, risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications and one-year prognosis among consecutive inpatients.…”