Bone mineral density in chimpanzees, humans, and Japanese macaques

Kikuchi, Yasuhiro; Udono, Toshifumi; Hamada, Yohei

doi:10.1007/s10329-002-0031-7

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Fewer studies, by comparison, have investigated analogous relationships among non‐human primates (e.g. Burr, 1979a,b; Schaffler & Burr, 1984; DeRousseau, 1988; Ahluwalia, 2000; Carlson, 2002, 2003; Kikuchi et al. 2003; Patel & Carlson, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual use of the primate forelimb is reflected in the material properties of subchondral bone in the distal radius

Carlson

Patel

2006

Journal of Anatomy

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Bone mineral density is directly proportional to compressive strength, which affords an opportunity to estimate in vivo joint load history from the subchondral cortical plate of articular surfaces in isolated skeletal elements.Subchondral bone experiencing greater compressive loads should be of relatively greater density than subchondral bone experiencing less compressive loading. Distribution of the densest areas, either concentrated or diffuse, also may be influenced by the extent of habitual compressive loading. We evaluated subchondral bone in the distal radius of several primates whose locomotion could be characterized in one of three general ways (quadrupedal, suspensory or bipedal), each exemplifying a different manner of habitual forelimb loading (i.e. compression, tension or non-weight-bearing, respectively). We employed computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) to acquire optical densities from which false-colour maps were constructed. The false-colour maps were used to evaluate patterns in subchondral density (i.e. apparent density). Suspensory apes and bipedal humans had both smaller percentage areas and less well-defined concentrations of regions of high apparent density relative to quadrupedal primates. Quadrupedal primates exhibited a positive allometric effect of articular surface size on high-density area, whereas suspensory primates exhibited an isometric effect and bipedal humans exhibited no significant relationship between the two. A significant difference between groups characterized by predominantly compressive forelimb loading regimes vs. tensile or non-weight-bearing regimes indicates that subchondral apparent density in the distal radial articular surface distinguishes modes of habitually supporting of body mass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual use of the primate forelimb is reflected in the material properties of subchondral bone in the distal radius

Carlson

Patel

2006

Journal of Anatomy

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“…From a deeper evolutionary perspective, phenotypic data for non-human primates, though limited, suggest that genetic variation linked to bone strength also varies within other species [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Chimpanzees, our closest-living relatives with whom we share a common ancestor ~5 Mya [ 26 ], show patterns of bone loss and microfractures with age [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. With thousands of variants linked to BMD, a top priority is to link functional population variation to therapeutic treatment [ 16 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Genetic Signatures of Selection on Bone-Related Variation within Human and Chimpanzee Populations

Stover

Housman

Stone

et al. 2022

Genes

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Bone strength and the incidence and severity of skeletal disorders vary significantly among human populations, due in part to underlying genetic differentiation. While clinical models predict that this variation is largely deleterious, natural population variation unrelated to disease can go unnoticed, altering our perception of how natural selection has shaped bone morphologies over deep and recent time periods. Here, we conduct the first comparative population-based genetic analysis of the main bone structural protein gene, collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1), in clinical and 1000 Genomes Project datasets in humans, and in natural populations of chimpanzees. Contrary to predictions from clinical studies, we reveal abundant COL1A1 amino acid variation, predicted to have little association with disease in the natural population. We also find signatures of positive selection associated with intron haplotype structure, linkage disequilibrium, and population differentiation in regions of known gene expression regulation in humans and chimpanzees. These results recall how recent and deep evolutionary regimes can be linked, in that bone morphology differences that developed among vertebrates over 450 million years of evolution are the result of positive selection on subtle type I collagen functional variation segregating within populations over time.

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A comparison of cortical elastic properties in the craniofacial skeletons of three primate species and its relevance to the study of human evolution

Wang

Strait

Dechow

2006

Journal of Human Evolution

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Bone mineral density in chimpanzees, humans, and Japanese macaques

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Habitual use of the primate forelimb is reflected in the material properties of subchondral bone in the distal radius

Habitual use of the primate forelimb is reflected in the material properties of subchondral bone in the distal radius

Evolutionary Genetic Signatures of Selection on Bone-Related Variation within Human and Chimpanzee Populations

A comparison of cortical elastic properties in the craniofacial skeletons of three primate species and its relevance to the study of human evolution

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