- Bone, Muscle, and Tooth

Sahota, Pritam S.; Popp, James A.; Hardisty, Jerry F.; Gopinath, C.

doi:10.1201/b13783-20

Cited by 11 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In the adrenal gland of mice, this finding can also be observed in the X-zone, which is sensitive to androgenic steroid (Greaves 2012). Atrophy of the zona fasciculata has been reported secondary to the administration of exemestane (an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 aromatase) and an antisclerotic agent (PD 138142-15;Chandra, Hoenerhoff, and Peterson 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Cortical cysts are lined by a ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelium and must be differentiated from angiectasis or cystic degeneration (Nyska and Maronpot 1999). Cystic degeneration, which is most commonly observed in aging female Sprague-Dawley rats (Chandra, Hoenerhoff, and Peterson 2013), occurs as cystic and/or blood-filled spaces, and it may occur in association with hyperplastic foci and cortical vacuolation (McInnes 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, most cases of cortical cell hypertrophy were focal. Cortical hypertrophy is not considered a preneoplastic change and may reflect an adaptation to stress (Nyska and Maronpot 1999), ACTH administration, or deficient glucocorticoid feedback regulation (Chandra, Hoenerhoff, and Peterson 2013). This change may regress with cessation of stress and/or administration of Adrenocortical hormone (ACTH) (Greaves 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be explained by various factors. The adrenal gland can accumulate lipophilic compounds, is rich in xenobiotic matabolizing enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450), has a rich blood supply, and is susceptible to lipid peroxidation due to the high content of unsaturated fatty acids in adrenocortical cell membranes (Chandra, Hoenerhoff, and Peterson 2013). It is also interesting to note that the highest incidence of spontaneous pathological findings in CD-1 mouse occurs in adrenal glands as compared to other tissues (Johnson, Spaet, and Potenta 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Adrenal Gland Background Findings in CD-1 (Crl:CD-1(ICR)BR) Mice from 104-week Carcinogenicity Studies

et al. 2015

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The authors performed a retrospective study to determine the incidences of spontaneous findings in the adrenal glands of control CD-1 mice. Data were collected from 2,163 mice from control dose groups in 104-week carcinogenicity studies carried out between 2000 and 2010. Adrenal gland nonproliferative lesions were more common in males than in females. In males, the most common nonproliferative lesions were cortical hypertrophy, cortical atrophy, pigment deposition/pigmentation, cysts, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. In females, the most common nonproliferative lesions were pigment deposition/pigmentation, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and cortical atrophy. Proliferative lesions were more common in females than in males. In both sexes, the most common proliferative lesions were subcapsular cell hyperplasia, focal cortical hyperplasia, and subcapsular cell tumor. Pheochromocytomas were uncommon in both sexes, with a slightly higher incidence in females, and the benign type was more frequent than the malignant type. Lymphoma was the most common metastatic tumor in both males and females, followed by histiocytic sarcoma and erythroid/myeloid leukemia. To the best knowledge of the authors, there are no recent reports on spontaneous pathological findings in the adrenal glands of CD-1 mice, and these results will facilitate the interpretation of background findings in carcinogenicity studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Adrenal Gland Background Findings in CD-1 (Crl:CD-1(ICR)BR) Mice from 104-week Carcinogenicity Studies

et al. 2015

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“…We have observed hepatic necrosis in rabbit dermal toxicity studies wherein the animals were wrapped for variable (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) hr) duration ( Figure 2). Hepatic necrosis, observed in both treated and control groups, was acute to subacute, with no zonal distribution, and was occasionally accompanied by correlating increases in serum enzymes (aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase).…”

Section: Wrapping Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 92%

Dermal Toxicity Studies

et al. 2014

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The field of dermal toxicity continues to evolve in order to accurately predict dermal (and systemic) responses in humans to topically applied chemicals. Although the testing methods have undergone extensive refinements, idiosyncrasies and unexpected issues during the conduct of these studies are not unusual due to the plethora of new vehicles available for formulating test substances, changing regulatory requirements, and introducting new strain and/or species of laboratory animals as no single species or method seems to suffice for evaluating skin toxicity. The objective of this article is to illustrate some pragmatic issues that should be considered during the conduct as well as interpretation of dermal toxicity studies. Routine procedure-related issues such as hair clipping, tape stripping, and wrapping the animal's torso to prevent oral ingestion can influence the interpretation. Excipients used in dermal toxicity studies may be nontoxic when used alone but complex dermal formulations can result in unexpected irritation and toxicity. In conclusion, interpretation and risk assessment of dermal toxicity studies should be done in a comprehensive manner, taking into account procedure-related impact on study results, unique species susceptibility, limitation of gross visual (naked eye) observation for evidence of toxicity, and normal anatomical variation.

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Target Organ Pathology

McInnes¹

2017

Pathology of Taxicologists

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- Bone, Muscle, and Tooth

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Adrenal Gland Background Findings in CD-1 (Crl:CD-1(ICR)BR) Mice from 104-week Carcinogenicity Studies

Adrenal Gland Background Findings in CD-1 (Crl:CD-1(ICR)BR) Mice from 104-week Carcinogenicity Studies

Dermal Toxicity Studies

Target Organ Pathology

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