Bone regeneration with micro/nano hybrid-structured biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics at segmental bone defect and the induced immunoregulation of MSCs

Positive role of calcium phosphate ceramics regulated inflammation in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

“…As bone substitutes, the physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate (Ca‐P) ceramics play a vital role in maintaining a favorable microenvironment for bone repair and regeneration. For instance, the physical properties of substrate stiffness, topography, pore size, porosity, and phase composition; chemical properties of surface chemistry, degradation rate and ionic niche, all of which make a significant influence on cell behavior and subsequent biological events (Liu et al, ; Wang et al, ; Wang et al, ; Zhu et al, ). Moreover, many progresses have been made in understanding these effects on various cells (King et al, ; Schindeler, Mcdonald, Bokko, & Little, ).…”

The implication of the notch signaling pathway in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic‐induced ectopic bone formation: A preliminary experiment

“…It is generally accepted that the physicochemical properties of BCP ceramics, such as porosity, particle size, surface roughness, composition, largely affected its efficacy in osteoinduction, as this factors were associated with body fluid infiltration, tissue ingrowth, angiogrowth, and degradation velocity (Davison et al, ; Gamblin et al, ; Ritz et al, ; Zhu et al, ). Kim et al () studied osteo‐modulatory molecules on Titanium with different surface structures and found that Notch signaling was influenced by surface roughness and hydrophilicity of modified titanium.…”

“…Jung et al (2013) found that silk protein stimulated osteogenesis through inhibiting the Notch pathway. Dishowitz et al (2014) It is generally accepted that the physicochemical properties of BCP ceramics, such as porosity, particle size, surface roughness, composition, largely affected its efficacy in osteoinduction, as this factors F I G U R E 1 0 Histomorphometric analysis results were associated with body fluid infiltration, tissue ingrowth, angiogrowth, and degradation velocity (Davison et al, 2015;Gamblin et al, 2014;Ritz et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2017). Kim et al (2014) Three possible reasons, we believe, may cause this phenomenon:…”

“…Tissue sections were sliced and stained with hematoxylin/eosin (HE) and Masson. Histomorphometry was performed based on the methods described in Wang et al (Wang et al, 2014), Manchon et al (2015) and Zhu et al (2017) articles. Briefly, three parameters were used.…”

“…BCPs are described as intrinsic osteoinductive biomaterials because a large number of publications have found that ectopic bone synthesis could be induced by BCP rather than other biomaterials with similar compounds (LeGeros, ). Furthermore, satisfactory bone regeneration could be achieved even without exogenous growth factors or cells (Zhu et al, ). Previous studies found that BCPs could recruit BMSCs and promote BMSCs osteogenic differentiation (Gamblin et al, ; Song et al, ), and the efficacy of osteoinduction was associated with species and its physical structure including the ratio of HA/βTCP, porosity, microporosity, particle size, surface roughness (Wang et al, ; Zhang et al, ).…”