Bone repair by periodontal ligament stem cell-seeded nanohydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffold

Abstract

Background: A nanohydroxyapatite-coated chitosan scaffold has been developed in recent years, but the effect of this composite scaffold on the viability and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone repair is still unknown. This study explored the behavior of PDLSCs on a new nanohydroxyapatite-coated genipin-chitosan conjunction scaffold (HGCCS) in vitro as compared with an uncoated genipin-chitosan framework, and evaluated the effect of PDLSC-seeded HGCCS on bone repair in vivo. Methods: Human PDLSCs were cultured and identified, seeded on a HGCCS and on a genipinchitosan framework, and assessed by scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, MTT, alkaline phosphatase activity, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at different time intervals. Moreover, PDLSC-seeded scaffolds were used in a rat calvarial defect model, and new bone formation was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining at 12 weeks postoperatively. Results: PDLSCs were clonogenic and positive for STRO-1. They had the capacity to undergo osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in vitro. When seeded on HGCCS, PDLSCs exhibited significantly greater viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and upregulated the bone-related markers, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and osteocalcin to a greater extent compared with PDLSCs seeded on the genipin-chitosan framework. The use of PDLSC-seeded HGCCS promoted calvarial bone repair. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of HGCCS combined with PDLSCs as a promising tool for bone regeneration.

Calcium orthophosphate bioceramics

“…Besides, it has been hypothesized that dental follicle cells combined with ȕ-TCP bioceramics might become a novel therapeutic strategy to restore periodontal defects [934]. In still another study, the behavior of human periodontal ligament stem cells on a HA-coated genipin-chitosan scaffold in vitro was studied followed by evaluation on bone repair in vivo [935]. The study demonstrated the potential of this formulation for bone regeneration.…”

Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data

“…PDLSCs can be successfully isolated and cultured using single-cell-derived colony selection method [153]. When seeded onto HA scaffold, they can significantly improve calvarial bone repair [154].…”

Toxicity Analysis of RGD-Chitosan From Shrimp Shell Scaffold Membranes Toward Human Dental Pulp Cells

“…Bone destruction can be caused by trauma, systemic disease, congenital abnormalities, and pathological conditions, such as in periodontitis, tumors, and cysts [1]. Bone destruction generally can cause significant bone loss and requires surgical treatment [2].…”