Bone resorption and bone remodelling in juvenile carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Witten, P. Eckhard; Villwock, W.; Peters, N.; Hall, Brian K.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0426.2000.00233.x

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In teleost fish, the characteristics of osteoclasts are reported in detail (Witten et al, 2000(Witten et al, , 2001Witten and Hall, 2003), and there are some reports which refer to clear zone of osteoclasts (Sire et al, 1990;Huysseune and Sire, 1992). It may be that the differences between our observations and literature reports in the structure of the clear zones are due to differences between odontoclasts resorbing teeth and osteoclasts 13 resorbing bone, however, this can not be substantiated as there is little data.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Features of the clear zone of odontoclasts in the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

et al. 2005

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This study aims to clarify the features of the clear zone of odontoclasts on shedding teeth of a teleost fish, Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), using a light microscope to determine the orientation between a cell body and a resorptive lacuna, followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Ultrathin sections of LR White embedded material were incubated in rabbit anti-actin polyclonal antibody and then were incubated with 15 nm gold-conjugated goat antirabbit IgG. The clear zones of odontoclasts showed a variable structure with electron dense structures on sections, but distinct clear zones were not always seen on odontoclasts. In odontoclasts sectioned in the direction perpendicularly to the surface of a resorptive lacuna, some cells showed a wide clear zone, but two types of clear zones were usually observed: a part composed of some cytoplasmic processes and one composed of several complicatedly interwoven processes. Gold particles were localized on the clear zones, especially in electron dense structures; very few gold particles were detected in ruffled borders. These results show that the clear zone of odontoclasts in Chinook salmon contains actin. Our results suggest that the clear zone of an odontoclast in Chinook salmon is not always a wide annular structure.3

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Features of the clear zone of odontoclasts in the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

et al. 2005

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“…At the end of their secretory phase osteoblasts can undergo apoptosis, turn into bone lining cells or become embedded into the bone as osteocytes (Franz‐Odendaal et al., 2006). Osteocytes are normally connected with each other and with the cells on the bone surface via a network of cell processes, as it has been described for carp bone (Meunier and Huysseune, 1992; Witten et al., 2000; Meunier, 2011). The number of osteocytes and their morphology is variable in different parts of the skeleton and in different fish species (Meunier, 2011).…”

Section: Normal Ontogeny and Anatomy Of The Spinal Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) - etiology and pathology

Fjelldal

Hansen

Breck³

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

106

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Summary The present review sums up and discusses the current literature on occurrence, causation and pathology of vertebral deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon, and also gives a brief introduction into the normal ontogeny and anatomy of the vertebral column of Atlantic salmon. Skeletal development and growth are sensitive processes that can be affected by many factors. Many of these factors can be manipulated under farming conditions, and are thus regarded as risk factors. Several risk factors that relate to environmental conditions and to feed composition have been identified. Elevated temperatures and photoperiod manipulation to speed up growth are likely the most important environmental factors that cause skeletal deformities. Among the nutritional factors, optimal phosphorus nutrition during specific periods, for example after transfer to sea water, appears to be critical for development of deformity at later stages. More research is needed to understand the interdependency of genetics, development, aging, phosphorus nutrition, temperature and photoperiod, in order to establish the best practice procedures for salmon farming that improve fish welfare.

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“…This may reflect a high degree of bone remodelling in under yearling smolt. Bone remodelling is active in skeletal elements where growth requires bone resorption (Witten and Villwock, 1997;Witten et al, 2000;Witten et al, 2001), e.g. the haemal arch that has an opening that must be enlarged to fit the neural tube during growth.…”

Section: Rapid Growth Coincided With High Concentrations O F Plasma Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of smolt production strategy on vertebral growth and mineralisation during smoltification and the early seawater phase in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.)

et al. 2006

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This study investigates the effect of different smolt production strategies on vertebral morphology (radiology), composition (mineral content) and mechanical strength (load-deformation testing) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Rapid-growing underyearling (0+) smolt were compared with slower-growing yearling (1+) smolt and a reference group of wild smolt (w). The underyearling and yearling smolt were transferred to seawater in October 2002 and May 2003, respectively. The underyearling smolt were reared under continuous light and the yearling smolt under natural light during the first twelve weeks in seawater, at ambient temperatures. Thus, the underyearling smolt hit seawater at 13 °C and were reared at 10-13 °C during the early seawater phase, whereas the yearling smolt hit seawater at 7 °C and were reared at 7-10 °C during the early seawater phase. All groups displayed increased longitudinal growth (up to 9% increase in relative length) of the caudal vertebrae during parr-smolt transformation. However, at transfer to seawater, the underyearling smolt had significantly lower vertebral mineral content (0+ 44%, 1+ 47%, w 50%) and higher incidence of deformed vertebrae (0+ 1.5%, 1+ 0%, w 0%), and at twelve weeks after transfer to seawater significantly lower vertebral mineral content (0+ 36%, 1+41%, w 43%), yield-load (0+6492 g, 1+8797 g, w 9150 g) and stiffness (0+7578 g/mm, 1+ 15,161 g/mm, w 20,523 g/mm), and significantly higher incidence of deformed vertebrae (0+ 2.5%, 1+ 0.3%, w 0%). There was a significant correlation between the mineral content and mechanical properties of the vertebrae. The underyearling smolt had significantly elevated plasma concentrations of total Ca, and P and Ca2+ during the parr-smolt transformation and in the early seawater phase.The results show that underyearling smolt may have an increased risk of developing vertebral deformities. It is possible that this risk can be reduced by postponing the start of the short-day treatment. This will reduce the temperature during smoltification, the temperature and daylength during the early seawater phase, and increase the age at smoltification.

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Bone resorption and bone remodelling in juvenile carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Cited by 43 publications

References 52 publications

Features of the clear zone of odontoclasts in the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Features of the clear zone of odontoclasts in the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Vertebral deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) - etiology and pathology

Impact of smolt production strategy on vertebral growth and mineralisation during smoltification and the early seawater phase in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.)

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