“…Various preparation methods allow for the construction of different forms of antiosteoporotic CBNMs. The preparation methods discussed here include coprecipitation, ,,,− ,,,− sol–gel, ,− ,,− ,− hydrothermal, ,,, electrochemical deposition, ,, electrostatic spray deposition, vapor diffusion, sonochemical synthesis, and physical crushing. − Each preparation method has unique advantages and is accordingly suitable for the preparation of specific forms of CBNMs. The physicochemical properties of CBNMs prepared by different methods are summarized in Table .…”