Bone Tissue Behavior of Rats With Experimental Periodontitis Subjected to Physical Exercise

Abstract

Introduction: It is possible that physical activity protects the periodontium by mitigating excessive inflammatory response of the individual. There is some evidence from longitudinal studies and a prospective study demonstrating that physically active adults have experienced a decrease in the risk of periodontitis. To date no study has jointly explored the relationship of physical activity and periodontitis using inflammatory biomarkers. Objective: In this regard, the objective was to assess the bone tissue behavior of rats with experimental periodontitis subjected to aquatic exercise. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) without periodontitis and without exercise (CS); 2) without periodontitis and with exercise (CE); 3) with periodontitis and without exercise (DPS); 4) with periodontitis and with exercise (DPE). The animals from groups CE and DPE had swimming sessions for four weeks and the DPS and DPE groups were subjected to ligature-induced periodontitis. After 30 days the animals were sacrificed, and had their right and left hemimandibles removed for radiographic and histological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed and evaluated through ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: Bone loss in the animals from the DPE group was found to be significantly lower (61.7 ± 2.2; p <0.05) than in those from the DPS group (84.5 ± 1.2; p <0.05), while in terms of the number of osteoblasts (DPS=11.0 ± 1.4; DPE=10.7 ± 5.2) and osteocytes (DPS=17.3 ± 3.1; DPE=19.0 ± 4.4), there was no significant decrease (p <0.05) in the groups subjected to experimental periodontitis, regardless of physical exercise. Conclusion: Physical exercise was found to have a protective effect in relation to bone height and did not influence bone density. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Exercise Improves Alveolar Bone Loss and the Inflammatory Profile of Periodontal Disease

“…Two experiments used millimeter, 35,36 while one experiment used pixel. 34 The results indicated that physical exercise reduces ABL during PD, which was contribute to prevent the development of PD.…”

“…The exercise intervention lasted for four weeks or more in all reports. In the involved experiments, one reported the outcomes only had the result of alveolar bone loss, 34 and one only had the result of the expression of TNF-α and IL-10. 33 The others reported complete results.…”

“…33 Among the included studies, three experiments did not employ assessor blinding. [33][34][35] None of the studies were clearly stated feeders or experimenter blinding. However, all included studies were classified as having a low risk of bias according to the assessment criteria and quality category (Table 1).…”

Aerobic exercise 3 times per week in adult rats did not influence the progression of periodontal disease

“…This result was surprising, considering that several studies in the literature have demonstrated the beneficial effects of physical training on the inflammatory process (12,23,26). Exercise normally triggers metabolic shifts that can affect inflammation, such as changes in nutrient signaling pathways like mTOR and SIRT1.…”

“…Thus, the inflammation resulting from periodontal disease can play an important role in systemic health, as various inflammatory markers are released into the bloodstream, potentially being a risk factor for systemic and cardiovascular diseases ( 11 ). To understand this process, interdisciplinary knowledge aiming at the comprehensive health of the individual is important ( 12 ).…”