A method for determining the tone quality of a classical guitar is described. The method is applied to several high-and low-quality classical guitars. In comparison to bad tones, the timbre of good tones consists of stronger consonant (pleasant) and weaker dissonant (unpleasant) intervals. This empirical criterion of tone quality is called the rule of consonance-dissonance (RC-D). The RC-D is defined mathematically and interpreted in physical and musical terms. The RC-D allows a luthier to pursue systematically the tone quality during guitar production and to improve the instrument's tone after its assembly.
KEY WORDS--Acoustics, damping, instrumentsThe achievement of high tone quality is the goal of guitar makers. However, few studies have addressed the manner in which tone quality should be measured and determined. Cumpiano and Natelson 1 discussed tone but did not define tone quality in physical terms. Richardson 2 discussed the important role of the low-order modes of vibration of the stringed musical instrument. These modes are responsible for much of the sound radiation at both low and high frequencies. Because low (high) frequency normal modes radiate only at low (high) frequencies, there must be some correlation between the sound radiation of an instrument in the low and high frequency ranges. This correlation depends on the design features and the material of the instrument. Thus, the aim of our research is to determine the most important feature of a tone of a good guitar and how it can be distinguished from a bad tone. The basis for evaluation of our results was a definition of the consonance and dissonance between two tones by Olson 3 and, partially, by Sethares. 4 Two guitar samples were examined, consisting of four good and four extremely bad guitars, respectively. This paper describes the sound measurements of these two guitar samples and the analysis of tone quality differences. In addition, the frequency response function of a guitar, which depends on mechanical properties of both top and back plates, was related to its tonal quality and to low-order modes. On the basis of the results, a rule for determining guitar tone quality was proposed that, it is hoped, satisfies the criterion of objectivity.S. ~ali is a Faculty Assistant, and J. Kopa? (SEM Member) is an Associate Professor,