Book review: Goldberger’s Clinical Electrocardiography. 9^th Edition. A Simplified Approach

Electrocardiographic Findings Among Asymptomatic Adults With Haemophilia

“…Therefore, it was difficult to compare both studies because the applied methodologies were different. Besides that, we performed two different analyses, using international reference values 23 and values described in a cross-sectional multicentric study with asymptomatic Brazilian men. 22 We also performed a formal evaluation using the Minnesota Code, 25 adapted by considering left-axis deviation as a major change, since a previous metanalysis showed it as a risk factor for heart disease.…”

“…8 Notwithstanding, the clinical value of this finding is still unknown because ECG abnormalities can have many causes, only some of which are attributable to ASCVD. 23 A recent systematic review summarized the evidence on screening asymptomatic adults of the general nonhaemophilia population for ASCVD risk using ECG. 28 Based on cohort studies, the authors considered that Int J Cardiovasc Sci.…”

“…The QT interval started at the beginning of the QRS interval and ended where the tangent crossed the baseline drawn over the PR segment. The upper limit of normality was defined as 440 ms. 23 We analysed the results according to both international reference values 23 and the values for asymptomatic males described by the Brazilian Longitudinal Adult Health Study (ELSA-Brasil), depicted in Table 1. 23,24 The latter was used to assess further if the results obtained from the current study fitted the results of the non-haemophilia male ELSA-Brasil population.…”

“…The upper limit of normality was defined as 440 ms. 23 We analysed the results according to both international reference values 23 and the values for asymptomatic males described by the Brazilian Longitudinal Adult Health Study (ELSA-Brasil), depicted in Table 1. 23,24 The latter was used to assess further if the results obtained from the current study fitted the results of the non-haemophilia male ELSA-Brasil population. Briefly, the ELSA-Brasil is a population-based cohort study that evaluates the development and progression of chronic diseases, particularly ASCVD and DM.…”

“…22 We also classified the ECG trace in conformity with the Minnesota Code. 25 In general, we used the aforementioned international reference values, 23 except for the use of QT index (QTi) instead of QTc by the Hodges formula. QTi was calculated by the formula QTi = (QT interval /656)*(HR+100), considering QT interval in ms and HR in beats/min.…”