Book Reviews : Lee J. Cary, ed., Community Development As a Process, Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1970, 213 pages

Abstract

Lee J. Cary, ed., Community Development As a Process, Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1970, 213 pages. Reading this deceptively diminutive book, I found I had to come to grips not with one writer but seven. Each one, moreover, draws on his bibliographical colleagues for reinforcements. Without counting footnotes, my guess is that the reader in effect copes with well above 100 author or agency inputs about communities, their development and constraints thereto.From this perspective, the book's buyer gets his money's worth and more. To give you the merest sketch .of these cognitive riches, the writers range from old community development familiars and the editor himself (who contributes a chapter, besides the continuity). The discourses run from the concept and context of Community Development (fine for historical background and theoretical overview) through the sociological and psychological implications-as well as the procedural flow involved in community development-and on to two distinct roles in the process: the citizen and the community development agent. Yet I can't bring myself to recommend without reservation this solidly packed little volume. While I found passages which evoked a kindred note or the excitement of a fresh idea, I also came upon drawbacks and disquieting chords.For a few of the former, it was satisfying to find: # Warren pitting the developmental process against &dquo;the great change&dquo; sweeping the planet. He thereby fosters cautionary considerations about how far and fast this process can move against ever enlarging bureaucracies and societal forces. He snatches Community Development, as it were, out of the romantic age and sets it down in our urban, complex, contemporary time.# Several writers stressing the reality that intentional community change often creates intergroup conflict. All components of a community (a locality or an interest grouping) usually do not agree on specific ends or means; social action, therefore, is not velvet soothing, but sand-

Potential impact of climate change on Nearctic leafhopper distribution and richness in North America

“…However, they do not account for biotic variables such as natural enemies (parasitoids and predators) and the availability of hosts, the seasonal effect on area suitability, or the effect of climate change on continental wind patterns. These factors, collectively, act as a biological filter, influencing the actual niche of the species studied 19,60 . Moreover, many Nearctic leafhoppers do not inhabit their entire potential range 17,19 .…”

“…Therefore, our analyses should be viewed through the lens of the environmental niche concept, focusing primarily on the climatic factors limiting species distribution. This approach often extends beyond the realized niche 60 .…”

“…We also included recent literature on leafhoppers’ field surveys 22,31,43,44,59 . These records were collected after 1970 to ensure relevance to the environmental variables used in our models (1970-2000) while avoiding historical records that may not accurately reflect current species occurrence sites 60,61 . We removed duplicate records within the same pixel (i.e., the same grid cell) to enhance data quality and eliminate those with incomplete information.…”

“…These variables are derived from monthly temperature and precipitation data, providing insights into annual trends, seasonality, and extreme environmental conditions. Given that these variables can be highly correlated, potentially affecting model performance due to multicollinearity 63 , we conducted a Pearson pair-wise correlation analysis 60 . This analysis allowed us to identify and subsequently remove variables with correlations exceeding a threshold of r ≥ |0.7|, as values beyond this threshold can distort model estimation (Supplementary Table S1) 63 .…”

“…High TSS (> 0.5) values mean a high proportion of real presences, and current absences are correctly predicted. Conversely, values at or below zero suggest errors in predicting presence (commission) or predicting absence (omission) 60,71 .…”