Booster Vaccination With Further Live Attenuated Measles Vaccine

Bass, James W.; Halstead, Scott B.; Fischer, Gerald W.; Podgore, John K.; Pearl, William; Schydlower, Manuel; Wiebe, Robert A.; Ching, Frederick M.

doi:10.1001/jama.1976.03260270017018

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…DISCUSSION Serological studies have suggested that mean titres of antibody to measles virus decline somewhat over the years especially in the absence of endemic or epidemic measles that can stimulate antibody production by subclinical infection (Black & Rosen, 1962;Bass et al 1976;Yeager, 1976). Repeated reinfection with clinical measles is common in the Nigerian community, although the extent of the problem has yet to be documented.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles antibody levels in children of rural and urban areas of Nigeria following vaccination campaign

et al. 1987

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SUMMARYThis study compares the presence and level of measles haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in the sera of primary school children in selected rural and urban areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria following a vaccination campaign. The results, analysed by Mann-Whitney statistical test at ax= 005, showed significantly higher levels of haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in all the age groups in urban areas when compared with rural areas. The implications of these findings on measles vaccination campaigns are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles antibody levels in children of rural and urban areas of Nigeria following vaccination campaign

et al. 1987

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“…Indeed, our findings that viraemia levels at day 7, but not day 3, post YF vaccination correlated with eventual YF neutralizing antibody titre indicate that the duration of LAV infection influence immunogenicity. Not surprisingly, therefore, even highly potent LAVs such as those for measles and polio require a booster to sustain the long-term immunity that typically arises following natural wild-type viral infection 48,49 . The improved immunogenicity of the live attenuated YF vaccine in those with enhancing titres of cross-reactive antibodies thus suggests an approach to overcoming short-lived immunity with vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-reactive antibodies enhance live attenuated virus infection for increased immunogenicity

et al. 2016

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Vaccination has achieved remarkable successes in the control of childhood viral diseases. To control emerging infections, however, vaccines will need to be delivered to older individuals who, unlike infants, probably have had prior infection or vaccination with related viruses and thus have cross-reactive antibodies against the vaccines. Whether and how these cross-reactive antibodies impact live attenuated vaccination efficacy is unclear. Using an open-label randomized trial design, we show that subjects with a specific range of cross-reactive antibody titres from a prior inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccination enhanced yellow fever (YF) immunogenicity upon YF vaccination. Enhancing titres of cross-reactive antibodies prolonged YF vaccine viraemia, provoked greater pro-inflammatory responses, and induced adhesion molecules intrinsic to the activating Fc-receptor signalling pathway, namely immune semaphorins, facilitating immune cell interactions and trafficking. Our findings clinically demonstrate antibody-enhanced infection and suggest that vaccine efficacy could be improved by exploiting cross-reactive antibodies.

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“…34 These ® ndings were supported by another study, 35 while a third study showed that re-vaccination is safe and may even augment immunity. 36 Because of this, the milder nature of measles and the later age at which it occurs in developed countries, it was generally recommended that the vaccine should be given early in the 2nd year of life.…”

Section: Serological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles: a disease that has to be eradicated

Omer

1999

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics

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The incidence of measles is on the decline but it still claims the lives of one million children annually worldwide. The devastating effects of the disease on the health and nutrition of children in developing countries and its high mortality are well documented. The rapid decay of maternal antibodies in infants in developing countries results in early susceptibility to the disease and hence the general recommendation to vaccinate at the age of 9 months. Sustained international efforts have raised global vaccination coverage rates to around 80% at which level it has remained static. Many countries in the western hemisphere have eliminated the disease by adopting aggressive strategies, which include one-off 'catch-up' mass campaigns to vaccinate all children aged 1-14 years, 'mop-up' campaigns targeting children who were missed during the 'catch-up' campaign, efficient routine vaccination services capable of reaching 90% of infants, strong surveillance activities, prompt outbreak response, and 'follow-up' campaigns every 2-4 years which target 1-4-year-old children. This success story coupled with the fact that measles has many biological features favouring eradication, and considering that it is a severe and lethal disease still prevailing in many areas, calls for immediate international adoption of eradication goals within a specified period of time.

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Booster Vaccination With Further Live Attenuated Measles Vaccine

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Measles antibody levels in children of rural and urban areas of Nigeria following vaccination campaign

Measles antibody levels in children of rural and urban areas of Nigeria following vaccination campaign

Cross-reactive antibodies enhance live attenuated virus infection for increased immunogenicity

Measles: a disease that has to be eradicated

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