Booster vaccination with inactivated whole-virus or mRNA vaccines and COVID-19–related deaths among people with multimorbidity: a cohort study

Lai, Francisco Tsz Tsun; Yan, Vincent Ka Chun; Ye, Xuxiao; Ma, Tiantian; Qin, Xiwen; Chui, Celine Sze Ling; Li, Xue; Wan, Eric Yuk Fai; Wong, Carlos King Ho; Cheung, Ching Lung; Li, Philip H.; Cheung, Bernard Man Yung; Lau, Chak Sing; Wong, Ian Chi Kei; Chan, Esther Wai Yin

doi:10.1503/cmaj.221068

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The GMTs of IgGs, which remained above the lower limit of seroconversion throughout the study period, might be explained by the persistence of specific immune memory cells allowing for antibody production following exposure to the relevant antigens. Overall, our findings show the clinical efficacy of boosting with TURKOVAC in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and reducing COVID-19 severity and are complementary to those from previous studies of various inactivated vaccines which reported low rates of infection, pneumonia, hospitalization, and death associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection after the administration of a booster dose [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Homologous Third Dose Booster Vaccination with TURKOVAC: Phase 2 Clinical Study Findings with 32-Week Post-Booster Follow-Up

Sezer,

Pavel,

Inal

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Vaccine-induced immunity wanes over time and warrants booster doses. We investigated the long-term (32 weeks) immunogenicity and safety of a third, homologous, open-label booster dose of TURKOVAC, administered 12 weeks after completion of the primary series in a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 2 study. Forty-two participants included in the analysis were evaluated for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) (with microneutralization (MNT50) and focus reduction (FRNT50) tests), SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (Spike S1 Receptor Binding Domain), and whole SARS-CoV-2 (with ELISA) IgGs on the day of booster injection and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 thereafter. Antibody titers increased significantly from week 1 and remained higher than the pre-booster titers until at least week 4 (week 8 for whole SARS-CoV-2) (p < 0.05 for all). Seroconversion (titers ≥ 4-fold compared with pre-immune status) persisted 16 weeks (MNT50: 6-fold; FRNT50: 5.4-fold) for NAbs and 32 weeks for S1 RBD (7.9-fold) and whole SARS-CoV-2 (9.4-fold) IgGs. Nine participants (20.9%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR between weeks 8 and 32 of booster vaccination; none of them were hospitalized or died. These findings suggest that boosting with TURKOVAC can provide effective protection against COVID-19 for at least 8 weeks and reduce the severity of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Homologous Third Dose Booster Vaccination with TURKOVAC: Phase 2 Clinical Study Findings with 32-Week Post-Booster Follow-Up

Sezer,

Pavel,

Inal

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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“…The lower mortality rate observed in our study may be attributed to the fact that a majority of patients (91.7%) received vaccination. Research has shown that vaccines provide a significant level of protection against severe COVID-19, reducing hospitalization rates and mortality [ 19 , 29 ]. As of April 7, 2021, a total of 710 million vaccine doses have been administered globally, with at least one dose of an approved vaccine given to 5% of the world’s population [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of acute pancreatitis among patients with COVID-19

et al. 2023

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Objective The existing literature on the combination of acute pancreatitis (AP) and COVID-19 is scarce. The objective of our study is to compare the clinical outcomes and occurrence of long COVID syndrome in AP patients with and without COVID-19, while investigating the potential impact of COVID-19 on the severity, mortality rate, and long COVID syndrome in these patients. Methods This retrospective, observational study was conducted at a single center. It included patients aged 18 years and above who were diagnosed with AP during the pandemic. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the results of RT-qPCR testing: the SARS-CoV-2-positive group and the SARS-CoV-2-negative group. The study aimed to compare the severity of AP, mortality rate, and occurrence of long COVID syndrome between these two groups. Result A retrospective review was conducted on 122 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis between December 1, 2022, and January 31, 2023. Out of these patients, 100 were included in the study. The analysis revealed no significant differences in mortality rate, severity, and sequelae between AP patients with COVID-19 and those without COVID-19 (p > 0.005). However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the occurrence of long COVID syndrome, specifically in the presence of cough (p = 0.04). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the presence of COVID-19 in patients with pancreatitis does not lead to an increase in the mortality and severity rate of pancreatitis.

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“…A retrospective multicenter cohort study carried out by Brosh-Nissimov et al 7 showed that the higher proportion of patients with high-risk underlying diseases constructed the majority of breakthrough COVID-19 cases after full vaccination, and the higher SARS-CoV-2 viral loads were associated with poor outcomes. The findings of a retrospective cohort study by Lai et al 5 depicted that booster vaccination was linked with a dramatic decrease in COVID-19 mortality rates among patients with multimorbidity. Since we evaluated a limited number of patients with comorbidities in our study, additional studies are required to assess the effect of vaccination on the viral loads of patients with comorbidities and allow the identification of high-risk individuals, who would require ongoing rigorous precautions and prophylactic measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Demographic, Clinical, and Vaccination Characteristics with COVID-19 Viral Load Assessed by qRT-PCR

Khorraminejad-Shirazi,

Nabavizadeh,

Aminnia

et al. 2023

Arch Iran Med

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Background: The effect of vaccination on the SARS-CoV-2 baseline viral load and clearance during COVID-19 infection is debatable. This study aimed to assess the effects of demographic and vaccination characteristics on the viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We included the patients referred for outpatient SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR (reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction) test between July and September 2022. Cycle threshold (Ct) data were compared based on the demographic and vaccination characteristics. A generalized linear model was used to determine the factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 PCR Ct value. Results: Of 657 participants, 390 (59.4%) were symptomatic and 308 (47.1%) were COVID-19 positive. Among 590 individuals with known vaccination status, 358 (60.6%) were booster vaccinated, 193 (32.6%) were fully vaccinated, 13 (2.2%) were partially vaccinated, and 26 (4.4%) were unvaccinated. Most vaccinated patients received inactivated vaccines (70.5%). The median Ct value was 20 [IQR: 18–23.75] with no significant difference between individuals with different vaccination statuses (P value = 0.182). There were significant differences in Ct value in terms of both symptom presence and onset (both P values < 0.001). Our regression model showed that inactivated vaccines (P value = 0.027), mRNA vaccines (P value = 0.037), and the presence and onset of symptoms (both P values < 0.001) were independent factors significantly associated with the viral load. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 baseline viral load is unaffected by vaccination status, yet vaccination might accelerate viral clearance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the presence and onset of symptoms are independent variables substantially associated with the patient’s viral load.

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Booster vaccination with inactivated whole-virus or mRNA vaccines and COVID-19–related deaths among people with multimorbidity: a cohort study

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Homologous Third Dose Booster Vaccination with TURKOVAC: Phase 2 Clinical Study Findings with 32-Week Post-Booster Follow-Up

Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Homologous Third Dose Booster Vaccination with TURKOVAC: Phase 2 Clinical Study Findings with 32-Week Post-Booster Follow-Up

Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of acute pancreatitis among patients with COVID-19

Association of Demographic, Clinical, and Vaccination Characteristics with COVID-19 Viral Load Assessed by qRT-PCR

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