“…Numerous studies have confirmed that tangible and material factors promote EL, such as promotion, salary, benefits, working conditions, and so on (e.g., Nadeak and Naibaho, 2020 ; Phuong and Vinh, 2020 ). In addition to economic factors, the academic and practical communities have called for an emphasis on the importance of non-material factors on EL, such as organizational commitment, employee satisfaction, and the support from leaders (e.g., Phuong and Vinh, 2020 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Veloso et al, 2021 ). According to social exchange theory, human interactions in organizations are essentially a series of exchanges based on the principle of “reciprocity.” When employees perceive a wealth of instrumental and emotional support, they are more willing to devote ingenuity to the development of the organization, build loyalty ( Dutta and Dhir, 2021 ), and then be willing to make more contributions to the organization.…”