Boosting Active Species Ru‐O‐Zr/Ce Construction at the Interface of Phase‐Transformed Zirconia‐Ceria Isomerism toward Advanced Catalytic Cathodes for Li‐CO₂ Batteries

Abstract

Optimized structural support widely affects the improvement of interface structure, promoting the quantity and quality of active species simultaneously for Lithium battery cathodes. Herein, a highly dispersed and anchored active species at the interface of the Zr/CeO2(111) are achieved and are used for advanced Li‐CO2 batteries cathodes. Benefiting from the abundant Ru‐O‐Zr/Ce site, the CO2 adsorption and reduction is enhanced by the migration of the electron density in the C═O of CO2 to Ru. The established Li‐CO2 batteries exhibit excellent activity of 21 075 mAh g−1 and outstanding durability of over 167 cycles as well as low overpotential with 1.03 V at a discharge/recharge rate of 100 mA g−1. The executed experiments combined with DFT calculations unveil that the cubic bimetallic oxide supported Ru exhibits optimized electronic structure at the interface compared to the monoclinic or tetragonal monometallic oxide support, promoting the increase of discharge voltage (from ≈2.5 to 2.73 V). Fundamentally, the redistribution of electron density on the active species Ru‐O‐Zr/Ce are intrinsic to above positive change, which are promoted by the synergistic interaction of Zr and Ce. This investigation provides an approach for the advancement of Li‐CO2 batteries catalytic cathodes and for the promotion of “carbon neutral” goals.

Recent advancement in designing catalysts for rechargeable Li–CO2 batteries

“…Ru–O–Zr/Ce showed an excellent electronic structure and improved the adsorption with CO 2 , which can lead to a superior performance of the Li–CO 2 battery. 22 This study confirmed that the regulation of precious metal-based materials could effectively promote the catalytic performance and widen their application.…”

Development of an Optimized Process for 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone: A Key Intermediate of Ciprofloxacin

“…According to statistics, the global demand for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone is about 7000 tons, while the domestic demand for 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone in China is about 4000 tons. At present, o -dichlorobenzene is widely used as a raw material in industry to produce 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone through nitration, fluorination, nitrochlorination, and acetylation reactions. − Although these four reactions are classical, there are still some shortcomings that need improvement in the actual production. The first reaction is to react nitrate o -dichlorobenzene with mixed acid, which will generate a large amount of waste acid and cause serious environmental pollution.…”