Boosting carbon efficiency of the biomass to liquid process with hydrogen from power: The effect of H2/CO ratio to the Fischer-Tropsch reactors on the production and power consumption

Ostadi, Mohammad; Rytter, Erling; Hillestad, Magne

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105282

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The Gibbs reactor block in Aspen Hysys is used for simulating gasification (GBR-100). As the entrained flow gasification occurs at high temperatures, the assumption of equilibrium for all reactions is reasonable, and the same Gibbs reactor was used in several studies in the literature to simulate the gasifier (Weiland, 2015;Jafri, 2016;Yakaboylu, 2016;Pala et al, 2017;Brachi et al, 2018;Furusjö and Jafri, 2018;Gambarotta et al, 2018;Hillestad et al, 2018;Naidoo, 2018;Ferreira et al, 2019;Khonde et al, 2019;Ostadi et al, 2019;Safarian et al, 2019;Tauqir et al, 2019). Devolatilization is endothermic, and the heat duty required will be supplied from the gasifier.…”

Section: Process Model Development and Analysis Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is clear from the studies performed in the literature (Agrawal and Singh, 2009;Bernical et al, 2012;Lysenko et al, 2012;Newport et al, 2012;Schaub et al, 2013;Hannula, 2016;Dietrich et al, 2018;Hillestad et al, 2018;Karl and Pröll, 2018;Ostadi et al, 2019;Poluzzi et al, 2021) that addition of energy to the BtL process, either in the form of hydrogen or directly to the gasifier, improves the carbon efficiency. Here, the process concept with energy addition to the BtL process is further improved by optimally distributing the amount of energy added through SOEC as hydrogen and directly to the gasifier as heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Renewable Energy Distribution Between Gasifier and Electrolyzer for Syngas Generation in a Power and Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Process

et al. 2022

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By adding energy as hydrogen to the biomass-to-liquid (BtL) process, several published studies have shown that carbon efficiency can be increased substantially. Hydrogen can be produced from renewable electrical energy through the electrolysis of water or steam. Adding high-temperature thermal energy to the gasifier will also increase the overall carbon efficiency. Here, an economic criterion is applied to find the optimal distribution of adding electrical energy directly to the gasifier as opposed to the electrolysis unit. Three different technologies for electrolysis are applied: solid oxide steam electrolysis (SOEC), alkaline water electrolysis (AEL), and proton exchange membrane (PEM). It is shown that the addition of part of the renewable energy to the gasifier using electric heaters is always beneficial and that the electrolysis unit operating costs are a significant portion of the costs. With renewable electricity supplied at a cost of 50 USD/MWh and a capital cost of 1,500 USD/kW installed SOEC, the operating costs of electric heaters and SOEC account for more than 70% of the total costs. The energy efficiency of the electrolyzer is found to be more important than the capital cost. The optimal amount of energy added to the gasifier is about 37–39% of the energy in the biomass feed. A BtL process using renewable hydrogen imports at 2.5 USD/kg H2 or SOEC for hydrogen production at reduced electricity prices gives the best values for the economic objective.

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Section: Process Model Development and Analysis Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Renewable Energy Distribution Between Gasifier and Electrolyzer for Syngas Generation in a Power and Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Process

et al. 2022

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“…The pathways that involve fast pyrolysis, HTL, and lignin oil production require substantial amounts of hydrogen for upgrading, while those that involve FT synthesis and ethanol production as well as conversion require little hydrogen (Table 5). However, large amounts of hydrogen could be used in the FT pathway if the biomass conversion to FT crude is boosted with hydrogen in order to improve the relatively low carbon efficiency [74,75]. It should also be noted that the pathways that require large amounts of hydrogen for upgrading may be advantageous in other respects, such as regarding high biomass conversion efficiency and greater ease of application on fairly small scales (fast pyrolysis).…”

Section: Hydrogen Requirements and External Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for the Integrated Production of Biojet Fuel in Swedish Plant Infrastructures

Ericsson

2021

Energies

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Replacing fossil jet fuel with biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation. To this end, Sweden has adopted a GHG mandate on jet fuel, complementing those on petrol and diesel. The GHG mandate on jet fuel requires a gradual reduction in the fuel’s GHG emissions to up to 27% by 2030. This paper estimates the potential production of biojet fuel in Sweden for six integrated production pathways and analyzes what they entail with regard to net biomass input and the amount of hydrogen required for upgrading to fuel quality. Integrated production of biofuel intermediates from forestry residues and by-products at combined heat and power plants as well as at the forest industry, followed by upgrading to biojet fuel and other transportation fuels at a petroleum refinery, was assumed in all the pathways. The potential output of bio-based transportation fuels was estimated to 90 PJ/y, including 22 PJ/y of biojet fuel. The results indicate that it will be possible to meet the Swedish GHG mandate for jet fuel for 2030, although it will be difficult to simultaneously achieve the GHG mandates for road transportation fuels. This highlights the importance of pursuing complementary strategies for bio-based fuels.

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“…The reverse shifted syngas is cooled to separate H 2 O and then reheated prior to entering the FT reactors. In the FT section, 3 FT stages are used with product cooling and inter-separation between stages to increase production of heavy hydrocarbons [44]. In the current investigation, a continuous stirred tank reactor model is used to simulate the slurry bubble-column Fischer-Tropsch reactor.…”

Section: Example Pathway: Biogas To Liquid Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the composition of the exit gas is identical to the composition throughout the volume of the individual reactors. The slurry reactors provide outstanding heat removal and are also scalable [44]. Other reactor types such as fixed bed reactor and microchannel reactor may also be considered [45].…”

Section: Example Pathway: Biogas To Liquid Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Integration of Green Hydrogen: Decarbonization of Chemical Industries

et al. 2020

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Integrated water electrolysis is a core principle of new process configurations for decarbonized heavy industries. Water electrolysis generates H2 and O2 and involves an exchange of thermal energy. In this manuscript, we investigate specific traditional heavy industrial processes that have previously been performed in nitrogen-rich air environments. We show that the individual process streams may be holistically integrated to establish new decarbonized industrial processes. In new process configurations, CO2 capture is facilitated by avoiding inert gases in reactant streams. The primary energy required to drive electrolysis may be obtained from emerging renewable power sources (wind, solar, etc.) which have enjoyed substantial industrial development and cost reductions over the last decade. The new industrial designs uniquely harmonize the intermittency of renewable energy, allowing chemical energy storage. We show that fully integrated electrolysis promotes the viability of decarbonized industrial processes. Specifically, new process designs uniquely exploit intermittent renewable energy for CO2 conversion, enabling thermal integration, H2 and O2 utilization, and sub-process harmonization for economic feasibility. The new designs are increasingly viable for decarbonizing ferric iron reduction, municipal waste incineration, biomass gasification, fermentation, pulp production, biogas upgrading, and calcination, and are an essential step forward in reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

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Boosting carbon efficiency of the biomass to liquid process with hydrogen from power: The effect of H2/CO ratio to the Fischer-Tropsch reactors on the production and power consumption

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Optimal Renewable Energy Distribution Between Gasifier and Electrolyzer for Syngas Generation in a Power and Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Process

Optimal Renewable Energy Distribution Between Gasifier and Electrolyzer for Syngas Generation in a Power and Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Process

Potential for the Integrated Production of Biojet Fuel in Swedish Plant Infrastructures

Process Integration of Green Hydrogen: Decarbonization of Chemical Industries

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