Multipolar electromagnetic phenomena in sub-wavelength resonators are at the heart of metamaterial science and technology. In this letter, we demonstrate selective and enhanced coupling to specific multipole resonances via beam engineering. We first derive an analytical method for determining the scattering and absorption of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) that depends only on the local electromagnetic field quantities within an inhomogeneous beam. Using this analytical technique, we demonstrate the ability to drastically manipulate the scattering properties of a spherical NP by varying illumination properties and demonstrate the excitation of a longitudinal quadrupole mode that cannot be accessed with conventional illumination. This work enhances the understanding of fundamental light-matter interactions in metamaterials, and lays the foundation for researchers to identify, quantify, and manipulate multipolar light-matter interactions through optical beam engineering. Here, we instead demonstrate engineering of multipolar light-matter interactions by modifying properties of the illuminating radiation. In this approach we exploit the incident illumination beam to gain information about our multipolar system.In this work, we rigorously derive a simplified, analytical method directly from Mie theory to quantify multipolar light absorption and scattering for a spherical nanoparticle (NP) illuminated by any light source of interest. First, we prove that dipolar and quadrupolar interactions depend only on local fields or field gradients respectively. Building from this local-field approach we investigate scattering of NPs in linearly, azimuthally, and radially polarized focused light beams. We demonstrate selective suppression and enhancement of individual multipolar modes by manipulating beam symmetries and numerical apertures. These calculations reveal a longitudinal quadrupole mode, which is completely inaccessible by conventional linearly polarized light. Additionally, we achieve selective excitation of individual multipolar modes. This work demonstrates a method for quantifying multipolar interactions in sub-wavelength particles and establishes beam engineering as a powerful method for manipulating multipolar phenomena.Conventionally, scattering and absorption of spherical NPs is calculated with Generalized Lorenz Mie theory (GLMT) [15], which involves expressing an incident beam as a plane wave or spherical wave expansion [16]. These expansions require knowing the electric field everywhere on a planar [E (x, y, z = z 0 )] or spherical [E (θ, φ, r = r 0 )] surface respectively. This approach is complete, and can be used to describe interactions with spherical NPs of any size or composition. However, NPs used in plasmonics or metamaterials are typically in a size regime where only dipolar and quadrupolar modes contribute to the optical response. For these cases, we derive a greatly simplified approach for calculating scattering and absorption in inhomogeneous fields, inspired by the multipolar interaction Hamiltoni...