Boosting safety behaviour: Descriptive norms encourage child booster seat usage amongst low involvement parents

Jeffrey, Jennifer; Whelan, Jodie; Pirouz, Dante; Snowdon, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2016.03.006

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our results highlight the importance of parents and caregivers asking others who are transporting their child what type of CRS will be used for the trip, as well as asking for a booster seat to be used for their child. Improving CRS use in carpooling behaviors may benefit from messaging associated with positive descriptive norms [26]. Further research is needed to better understand the frequency, nature and CRS use that could occur in these carpooling situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situational Use of Child Restraint Systems and Carpooling Behaviors in Parents and Caregivers

McDonald

Kennedy

Fleisher

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Suboptimal compliance with child restraint system (CRS) recommendations can increase risk for injury or death in a motor vehicle crash. The purpose of this study was to examine scenarios associated with incomplete CRS use and non-use in children ages 4–10 years. We used a cross-sectional online survey with a convenience sample of parent/caregivers from the United States, age ≥18 years, with a child age 4–10 years in their home, who could read and spoke English, and drove child ≥6 times in previous three months. We used descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U to describe and compare the distribution of responses to situational use of CRSs among car seat users and booster seat users. We also used descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U to describe and compare the distribution of responses to carpooling items among booster seat users and non-booster seat users. There were significant differences among those who reported most often using booster seats (n = 282) and car seats (n = 127) in situations involving rental cars, driving just around the corner, car too crowded to fit the CRS, not enough CRSs in the vehicle, the CRS is missing from the car, or the child is in someone else’s car without a CRS (p < 0.05). Among those who reported most often using booster seats and who carpooled other children (n = 159), 71.7% (n = 114) always used a booster seat for their own child. When carpooling other children, booster seat users were significantly more likely to use booster seats for other children ages 4–10 than the non-booster seat users (p < 0.01). Continued education and programs surrounding CRS use is critical, particularly for children who should be in booster seats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situational Use of Child Restraint Systems and Carpooling Behaviors in Parents and Caregivers

McDonald

Kennedy

Fleisher

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…Our results suggest that an intervention aimed at correcting potentially erroneous social norms beliefs of parents might be an effective strategy to create positive behaviour change among children exposed to modifiable risk behaviours. In a study to promote child booster seat usage, a brief intervention using descriptive norms to inform parents that a majority of other parents engage in the desirable behaviour (booster seat usage) was effective (Jeffrey, et al, 2016). This finding suggests, that these types of interventions could be integrated into either clinical encounters or public health messaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To date, few studies have investigated parental social norms as a potential target for interventions to improve health outcomes in children. Some early studies evaluating social norms for snacking, booster seat usage, and tooth brushing have been promising (Jeffrey, Whelan, Pirouz, & Snowdon, 2016;Lally, et al, 2012;Trubey, Moore, & Chestnutt, 2015). In this study, we aimed to determine parents' perceived prevalence ("social norms") of three health-related behaviours (tobacco-smoke exposure, dental care visits, and consumption of SSBs) among other families in their neighbourhoods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents’ social norms and children’s exposure to three behavioral risk factors for chronic disease

Winickoff

Thorndike

2019

JBPA

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Social norms predict health behaviors of adults and adolescents. We aimed to determine if parents’ beliefs about social norms were associated with children’s exposure to three behavioral risk factors. We asked 648 parents of children ages 0-18 years old attending two pediatric practices about their children’s exposure to smoking at home. Parents of 341 parents with children >2 years old were also asked about insufficient dental care, and 435 with children aged >12 months about their children’s sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Children were categorized as “at risk” or “not at risk” for each factor.The primary outcome was the parent-reported estimate of neighborhood prevalence of those same risk factors.Of eligible participants, 8% reported smoking at home, 23% that their child hadn’t seen a dentist for 6 months, and 35% that their child drank SSBs once a day or more. In multivariate analyses, parents with children in the “at risk” group estimated that the prevalence of each risk factor was higher in their neighborhood, than did participants with children in the “not at risk” group: difference of 12.2% [95% CI, 5.8%-18.6%] for tobacco-smoke exposure, 18.6% [95% CI, 10.7%-26.5%] for lack of regular dental visits and 12.1% [95% CI, 5.1%-19.0%] for SSB consumption (P<0.001 for all comparisons).Parents of children exposed to three behavioral risk factors reported higher perceived prevalence of each risk factor compared to parents of children not at risk. Addressing parents’ social norms beliefs could help promote healthier behaviors of children.

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“…Providing a small financial incentive to schoolchildren doubles the proportion of children eating at least one fruit or vegetable at lunch and, with a treatment period of three to five weeks, a partial effect remains after two months. Another study uses a brief social norms intervention to target parents, leading to an increase in booster seat usage (Jeffrey et al, 2016). In the field of education, one study finds that reminders to parents in the form of text messages improve parent-child academic interactions and children's reading abilities (Doss et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public acceptability of nudges targeting parents and children to improve children's health outcomes: results from an online experiment

Drouin

2020

Behav. Public Policy

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There is great potential for nudges to make gains in child health through improvement of lifestyle behaviors. In this study, I use an online sample of adults to test the acceptability of two nudges (one to address teenage smoking and the other to address pediatric obesity) when targeting one of three populations: adults, parents or children. The study shows that a majority of adult respondents would accept the use of nudges aimed at parents and children. The findings show that nudging parents or children directly has the same acceptability as nudging adults. These results suggest that when the objective of a nudge is to improve children's health, it is acceptable to target parents or children themselves. These results open the door to testing the efficacy of nudges in pediatric public health.

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Boosting safety behaviour: Descriptive norms encourage child booster seat usage amongst low involvement parents

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Situational Use of Child Restraint Systems and Carpooling Behaviors in Parents and Caregivers

Situational Use of Child Restraint Systems and Carpooling Behaviors in Parents and Caregivers

Parents’ social norms and children’s exposure to three behavioral risk factors for chronic disease

Public acceptability of nudges targeting parents and children to improve children's health outcomes: results from an online experiment

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