Boranes and heteroboranes: a paradigm for the electron requirements of clusters?

2016

IJC

Metalloboranes have been categorized by using 4n series method. More than one hundred metalloboranes have been analyzed and characterized by the method. The clusters have been found to be centered within the series range S = 4n+6 to 4n-8. According to the classification, the clusters of series S= 4n+0 are mono-capped, S = 4n-2, bi-capped, S = 4n-4, tri-capped, S = 4n-6, tetra-capped and S= 4n-8, penta-capped. Whereas the known stable boranes have almost non-existent capped boranes, such clusters are prevalent within metalloborane complexes. This implies that metal fragments have the potency of stabilizing the fragile capped boranes.

Section: [Bh]→5[3+1] = 5[4+0] →4n+0(n=5)supporting

confidence: 85%

The Application of the 4n Series Method to Categorize Metalloboranes

2016

IJC

“…The existence of cluster series was also detected and implied through the work of Wade (Wade, 1976), Mingos (Mingos, 1987) and the correlation of cluster symmetries by Rudolph (Rudolph, 1976). This is confirmed by the current work of applying skeletal numbers derived from the 4n series method (Kiremire, 2015b) which clearly indicate the existence of a whole vast universe of clusters linking up naked metallic elements to metal carbonyls (Kiremire, 2016b), metalloboranes (Kiremire, 2016c), Zintyl ions (Kiremire, 2016d), carboranes and other heteroboranes, boranes, and main group element clusters (Kiremire, 2017c).…”

Section: Brief Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Clearly, the cluster is 6 steps below the CLOSO step and hence its capping symbol can be expressed as Kp = C -6 C[M14]. Thus, the cluster belongs to the CLUSTER GROUP [M14] on the Rudolph type of numerical categorization (Rudolph, 1976). The symbol [M14] means that S = 4n+2 and n = 14; K = 2n-1 = 2(14)-1 = 27.…”

Section: Distribution Of Ligands In Golden Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recently published excellent article by Alan Welch outlines the historical development of chemical clusters (Welch, 2013).The major highlights include STYX numbers (Lipscomb, 1963), Wade"s rules (Wade, 1971(Wade, , 1976), Mingo"s rules (Mingos, 1972(Mingos, , 1984(Mingos, , 1987), Rudolph"s symmetry correlation system (Rudolph, 1976) and Jemmis research group work (Jemmis, 2005(Jemmis, , 2006(Jemmis, , 2008 among others. The current 4n series method being utilized to analyze clusters was developed by the identification of a simple pattern within clusters (Kiremire, 2014(Kiremire, , 2015(Kiremire, , 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Graph Theory of Chemical Series and Broad Categorization of Clusters

2018

IJC

The recent introduction of skeletal numbers has made it much easier to analyze and categorize a wide range of many chemical clusters. In the process, it has been found that a large number of transition metal clusters with and without ligands are capped and do possess closo nuclear clusters. On the basis of the nuclear index, the clusters have been categorized into groups. The categorization of the clusters will greatly assist in promoting deeper understanding and the synthesis of novel clusters and their applications. A simple concept of graph theory of capping clusters has been introduced.

“…The Wade-Mingos rules (PSEPT) have been exceedingly helpful in analyzing and categorizing clusters for several decades (Wade, 1971;Mingos, 1972;Rudolph, 1976;Welch, 2013). In an attempt to understand these rules and the pattern within clusters especially the osmium carbonyls, the 14n and 4n rules were revealed for transition and main group elements (Kiremire, 2014;Kiremire, 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outstanding Applications of Skeletal Numbers to Chemical Clusters

2017

IJC

The evolution of the use of the 14/4n series method has resulted in the discovery of skeletal numbers. The skeletal numbers have rendered the testing of the 18-and 8-electron rules much easier and faster. In the same way, they have been very useful in simplifying the categorization of clusters, the prediction of shapes, and the matching of isolobal fragments. Furthermore, the skeletal numbers have made it possible to tentatively assign ligands to individual skeletal elements in such way that the 18-or 8-electron rule is obeyed. Thus, skeletal numbers can be utilized as a simple guide in analyzing and understanding clusters.