Borassus and Tamarind Fruit Fibers as Reinforcement in Cashew Nut Shell Liquid-Epoxy Composites

Kini, U. Achutha; Nayak, Suhas Yeshwant; Heckadka, Srinivas Shenoy; Thomas, Linto George; Adarsh, S. P.; Gupta, Shivang

doi:10.1080/15440478.2017.1323697

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The low density values of the fibre bundles (0.772-0.791 g/cm³) promise an excellent lightweight construction potential for the use in composite materials. These low density values of 0.778-0.800 g/cm³ were also reported by Saravanan et al [17] and Kini et al [18]. Compared to ijuk fibre bundles and fibre bundles from the trunk, the density of fruit (mesocarp) fibre bundles is significantly lower (compare Tab.…”

Section: Fibre Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…6). These values are clearly higher compared to toddy palm fruit fibre bundles reinforcing a cashew nut shell liquid epoxy matrix which was determined in the range between 0.12 and 0.15 MPa [18], coir fibre bundles in a PP and a MAPP matrix with values of 2.4 and 5.6 MPa measured with microbond-tests [40], and coir in polyester (1.48 MPa) or in polystyrene (1.35 MPa) determined with a pull-out test [41]. But it should be noted that, e.g., bast fibre bundles usually exhibit a higher IFSS in a PLA matrix determined with a microbond or pull-outtest.…”

Section: Composite Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Fruit of the toddy palm contains approximately 2.4% mesocarp fibres corresponding to 66 g when a nut with a total mass of 2,790 g is considered [1]. Due to the low density of toddy palm fibre bundles extracted from the mesocarp of the fruit (0.7 to 0.8 g/cm³; [17,18]) compared to other cellulose-based fibres like bast fibres (density 1.4 to 1.5 g/cm³; [19])) or coir fibres (density of 1.15 to 1.5 g/cm³; [19]) these fibres promise an interesting potential for lightweight composite applications. Additionally, fruit fibre bundles from the toddy palm show a lower diameter of around 120 µm [17] as compared to coir fibre bundles with a fibre diameter between 50 and 460 µm [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toddy Palm (Borassus Flabellifer) Fruit Fibre Bundles as Reinforcement in Polylactide (PLA) Composites: An Overview About Fibre and Composite Characteristics

Graupner

Narkpiban

Poonsawat

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Toddy palm fruit have an apparent density below 0.8 g/cm³ and offer an interesting lightweight construction potential in polylactide (PLA) composites reinforced with 37 mass-% fibres. Single fibre bundles show similar mechanical properties compared with coir: tensile strength of 240 MPa, Young´s modulus of 3.8 GPa and an elongation at break of 31%. However, density and diameter (~ 50 µm) of fruit fibre bundles are significantly lower. The compression moulded composites have a density of 0.9 g/cm³ and achieved an unnotched Charpy impact strength of 12 kJ/m², a tensile strength of 25 MPa, Young's modulus of 1.9 GPa and an elongation at break of 9%. Due to the high porosity of the composites and the different stress-strain behaviour of fibre and matrix the fibre-reinforcement potential could not be fully used. Maximum stress of the composite was reached at the elongation at break of the PLA-matrix (~2%) while the fibre achieved its maximum stress at an elongation of ~31%. After reaching the maximum stress of the composite, the fibres were pulled out from the matrix with low energy absorption, resulting in a decrease in stress and a limited reinforcement potential. Additionally, the study investigates whether an insect attack by the Asian fruit fly on the mesocarp has a significant influence on the mechanical fibre characteristics. The results have shown that only the rough surface of the fibre bundles is smoothed by insect infestation. The mechanical properties were not significantly affected. For this reason insect-infested fruits of the toddy palm, which are no longer suitable for food production, can be used for the production of sustainable composite materials.

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Section: Fibre Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Composite Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toddy Palm (Borassus Flabellifer) Fruit Fibre Bundles as Reinforcement in Polylactide (PLA) Composites: An Overview About Fibre and Composite Characteristics

Graupner

Narkpiban

Poonsawat

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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“…With the increasing concentration of the alkali, the extent of removal of these constituents increased, which resulted in improved tensile strength. The highest tensile strength obtained was 221.71 MPa in the case of TG9S, which happens to be about 120% greater than that of tamarind fruit fibres (Kini et al, 2018), and in the operational range of coir, bagasse and oil palm fibres (Gholampour and Ozbakkaloglu, 2020).…”

Section: Tensile Strengthmentioning

confidence: 78%

Influence of Alkali and Silane Treatment on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Grewia serrulata Fibres

JAIN¹,

MALLYA²,

Nayak³

et al. 2022

J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol.

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Grewia serrulata fibres were chemically treated with 3%, 6%, and 9% NaOH for the duration of 4 h. Additionally, the NaOH-treated fibres were also treated with 3 -(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (silane). Properties such as density and tensile strength of the treated fibres were compared against the untreated fibres. The highest density was obtained in the case of 9% NaOH + silane treated fibres, which was 26.47% higher than untreated fibres, implying effective removal of hemicellulose. Likewise, the highest tensile strength was also obtained in the case of 9% NaOH + silane treated fibres. The increment observed in the tensile strength of the natural fibres was related to the removal of impurities, hemicellulose, and stress-raisers as well as deposition over the fibre surface that smoothed it. These observations were further validated by estimating changes in chemical constituents due to chemical treatment along with characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.

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“…The impact strength showed an increasing trend with fibre loading. Kini et al [11] investigated the effect of alkali treatment on borassus and tamarind fruit fibres. They observed that chemical treatment removes the surface impurities of the raw fibre and makes the fibre suitable for the better bonding with the matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sawdust Bio-filler on the Tensile, Flexural, and Impact Properties of Mangifera Indica Leaf Stalk Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The need to have biodegradable composites is aloft in today's market as they are environment friendly and are also easy to fabricate. In this study, mangifera indica leaf stalk fibres were used as reinforcement along with saw dust as bio-filler material. Unsaturated isophthalic polyester resin was used as the matrix. The fibres were treated with 6 % vol. NaOH and neutralized with 3 % vol. of dilute HCl. Treatment of sawdust fillers was done by using 2% vol. NaOH solution. Hand layup method and compression moulding technique was used to fabricate the composite laminates. Specimens for evaluating the mechanical properties were prepared by using water jet machining. The results indicated an increase in tensile, flexural and impact strength of composites with addition of sawdust upto 3%. Further addition of the bio-filler resulted in decrease of mechanical properties.

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Borassus and Tamarind Fruit Fibers as Reinforcement in Cashew Nut Shell Liquid-Epoxy Composites

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

Toddy Palm (Borassus Flabellifer) Fruit Fibre Bundles as Reinforcement in Polylactide (PLA) Composites: An Overview About Fibre and Composite Characteristics

Toddy Palm (Borassus Flabellifer) Fruit Fibre Bundles as Reinforcement in Polylactide (PLA) Composites: An Overview About Fibre and Composite Characteristics

Influence of Alkali and Silane Treatment on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Grewia serrulata Fibres

Influence of Sawdust Bio-filler on the Tensile, Flexural, and Impact Properties of Mangifera Indica Leaf Stalk Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites

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