Border Disease Virus among Chamois, Spain

Marco, Ignasi; Rosell, Rosa; Cabezón, Óscar; Mentaberre, Gregorio; Casas, Encarna; Velarde, Roser; Lavı́n, Santiago

doi:10.3201/eid1503.081155

Cited by 42 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In an experimentally infected pregnant doe with BVDV, the most significant histologic abnormality was diffuse depletion of B-lymphocytes in fawns (Duncan et al, 2008). Although weight loss was not quantified, two out of three animals were seen to have lost weight during the experimentation, which is in accordance with the cachexia observed in 15 of 23 virus-positive chamois (Marco et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The CADI-6 viral strain (GenBank accession number AM905923) was isolated from a Pyrenean chamois (Marco et al, 2009). Three virus subcultures were produced to obtain inocula.…”

Section: Cells and Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pestivirus infection in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) has been described in Spain (Marco et al, , 2009 and France (Pioz et al, 2007). In France, the virus (classified BDV-4) seems to have become endemic at least as early as 1995 (Pioz et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Infection of Pregnant Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra Pyrenaica) With Border Disease Virus Subtype 4

Martin¹,

Duquesne²,

Guibert³

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Border disease virus (BDV) causes high mortality in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) on the French and Spanish sides of the Pyrenees Mountains. We investigated the pathology induced by BDV in pregnant chamois via experimental infection. Three females were inoculated during the second third of pregnancy with a BDV-4 subgroup strain isolated from a wild Pyrenean chamois during an acute epizootic. A fourth pregnant chamois and one nonpregnant ewe were kept as negative controls. Animals were monitored to assess clinical signs, hematology, viremia, and serology. Postmortem examinations included necropsy, histopathology, and quantification of viral RNA in organs. Pregnancy was unsuccessful in all inoculated animals. One died 24 days postinoculation (dpi) without showing any precursory clinical signs. The second animal had profuse diarrhea from 13 dpi to its death at 51 dpi. The third aborted at 46 dpi and was euthanized at 51 dpi. All animals were viremic from 4 dpi until death. Neutralizing antibodies against BDV-4 were detected from 12 dpi. Necropsies showed generalized lymphadenomegaly, associated in one case with disseminated petechial hemorrhages in the digestive tract. Seventyeight of 79 organs from inoculated adults and their fetuses had detectable viral RNA. The main histologic lesions in adults were mild lymphohistiocytic encephalitis associated with moderate or moderately severe lymphoid depletion. Control animals remained negative for virus (in blood and organs), antibody, and lesions upon postmortem examination. BDV infection during pregnancy in Pyrenean chamois causes severe disease leading to abortion, then death. Despite 100% fetal death following inoculation, viral RNA was recovered from all organs of infected fetuses, suggesting that persistently infected offspring could be born. Our results may help explain the reported decrease in chamois populations in several areas and suggest that great care must be taken when interpreting infection status for wildlife.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The CADI-6 viral strain (GenBank accession number AM905923) was isolated from a Pyrenean chamois (Marco et al, 2009). Three virus subcultures were produced to obtain inocula.…”

Section: Cells and Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Infection of Pregnant Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra Pyrenaica) With Border Disease Virus Subtype 4

Martin¹,

Duquesne²,

Guibert³

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…However, no reduction has been described in the chamois population during this period. In addition, although pestivirus has demonstrated to cause disease in Pyrenean chamois (Marco et al 2009b), detection of abortions or deaths of adult animals due to Pestivirus infection has not been described in Italian Alpine chamois populations. The reproduction rate (kids/females) showed fluctuations during the study period, but it did not show significant decreases (Dematteis, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Survey of Pestivirus infection in wild and domestic ungulates from south-western Italian Alps

et al. 2011

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The transmission of pestiviruses between domestic and wild ruminants has not been documented in communal alpine pastures shared between wildlife and livestock. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of domestic and wild ungulates species from Varaita Valley (SW Italian Alps) in the epidemiology of Pestivirus infections. Sera from freeranging alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were collected from 1994 to 2009 and 2001 to 2009, respectively. Also, sera from cattle and sheep sampled in 2009 were studied. Sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against pestivirus with an ELISA assay. Sera from positive animals were subsequently tested with a comparative virus neutralisation test using the BVDV-NADL and BDV-137/4 strains. Sera were tested for the presence of pestiviral antigen and the presence of viral RNA with a commercial ELISA assay and RT-PCR. Antibodies against Pestivirus were detected in 132 out of 312 (42%) chamois, in 30 out of 175 (17%) cattle and 6 out of 24 (25%) sheep. No antibodies were found in roe deer. No Pestivirus antigen or RNA was detected in any of the samples. Results indicate circulation of pestiviruses among the studied chamois, cattle and sheep populations. However the role of wild ungulates in the dynamics of Pestivirus infection is still unknown and monitoring the presence of these viruses in wild ungulates would be of importance, especially in the chamois population, where pestiviruses seem to circulate extensively.

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“…In the last decades, identification and genetic characterization of pestivirus strains in different animal species revealed an extensive interspecies transmission among both domestic [2,3,4] and wild ungulates [5,6], showing a low host specificity and a wide host range. Besides the interspecies transmission of known genetic variants, several newly emerged pestivirus were detected in livestock [7,8] and in wild ruminant populations [9]. Genetic changes of viruses can lead to alterations of virulence, as recently observed with the Bungowannah pestivirus with high mortality in pigs [10,11] and the emergence of ovine pestiviruses closely related to CSFV in Tunisia and Spain [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Phylogeny of Border Disease Virus in Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica)

et al. 2016

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Border disease virus (BDV) affects a wide range of ruminants worldwide, mainly domestic sheep and goat. Since 2001 several outbreaks of disease associated to BDV infection have been described in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in Spain, France and Andorra. In order to reconstruct the most probable places of origin and pathways of dispersion of BDV among Pyrenean chamois, a phylogenetic analysis of 95 BDV 5’untranslated sequences has been performed on chamois and domestic ungulates, including novel sequences and retrieved from public databases, using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Discrete and continuous space phylogeography have been applied on chamois sequences dataset, using centroid positions and latitude and longitude coordinates of the animals, respectively.The estimated mean evolutionary rate of BDV sequences was 2.9×10−3 subs/site/year (95% HPD: 1.5–4.6×10−3). All the Pyrenean chamois isolates clustered in a unique highly significant clade, that originated from BDV-4a ovine clade. The introduction from sheep (dated back to the early 90s) generated a founder effect on the chamois population and the most probable place of origin of Pyrenean chamois BDV was estimated at coordinates 42.42 N and 1.9 E. The pathways of virus dispersion showed two main routes: the first started on the early 90s of the past century with a westward direction and the second arise in Central Pyrenees. The virus spread westward for more than 125 km and southward for about 50km and the estimated epidemic diffusion rate was about 13.1 km/year (95% HPD 5.2–21.4 km/year). The strong spatial structure, with strains from a single locality segregating together in homogeneous groups, and the significant pathways of viral dispersion among the areas, allowed to reconstruct both events of infection in a single area and of migrations, occurring between neighboring areas.

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Border Disease Virus among Chamois, Spain

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Experimental Infection of Pregnant Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra Pyrenaica) With Border Disease Virus Subtype 4

Experimental Infection of Pregnant Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra Pyrenaica) With Border Disease Virus Subtype 4

Survey of Pestivirus infection in wild and domestic ungulates from south-western Italian Alps

Spatial and Temporal Phylogeny of Border Disease Virus in Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica)

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