Border Tourism Development Strategies in Kaleybar Compared to Regional Rivals

Abstract

A richness of tourism attractions has given Iran global importance within its border. Iran is a country with a huge cultural heritage, and is rich in historical monuments from different eras. The variety and diversity of cultural symbols allows tourists traveling in Iran to experience the cultures of other countries. The border areas of the country are therefore becoming increasingly attractive for tourism due to their distinctive social, economic and political position and the presence of many historical and natural attractions. This study analyzes border tourism in Kaleybar city using a descriptive–analytical method with a Meta-SWOT model (new strategic planning tool), with the final goal of economic development and the improvement of the welfare of the people. Through a literature review, the current and future capabilities and challenges of the county of Kaleybar as a border city are examined, and future goals and ways to achieve them have been developed using the opinions of experts and scholars via the Delphi technique. For this purpose, the Meta-SWOT model has been used. Meta-SWOT is based on resource-based theory (RBV). Data collection has been done several times using the opinions of 39 experts. After analyzing the conditions and recognizing and determining the capacities and skills of Kaleybar and its regional rivals, the results of the research show that the most important advantage of Kaleybar city concerns the existence of many attractions of a natural character. A higher strategic suitability is also ensured by the presence of parks and coastal sidewalks that attract important internal and foreign investments in this region. On the other hand, the component of political and governmental factors in attracting foreign tourists has the highest effective power, and the component of attention to integrated management in the field of tourism in the country has the highest degree of urgency.

Application of Meta-SWOT method for tourism development planning of Farsi Island of the Persian Gulf Region

“…Subsequently, the goals, key strategies, and capabilities of Persian Gulf tourism were input into Meta-SWOT software. In the second phase, field information was gathered through surveys consisting of questionnaires and interviews with 15 experts and researchers specializing in tourism (Makooi, Mousavi, & Javan, 2022;Molan, Farhadi, Saganeiti, & Murgante, 2021).…”

Spatial justice in relation to the urban amenities distribution in Austin, Texas

“…The results of the Nearest Neighbor Index show colleges' distribution pattern. The Nearest Neighbor ratio is 1.20, is favorable, in the z-score 1.71, is bigger than + 1.56, and the [3,4,6,10,19,31,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] p-amount is 0.00. These amounts show that the distribution pattern of colleges is dispersed in Austin.…”

Indicators Affecting the Urban Resilience with a Scenario Approach in Tehran Metropolis

“…Resilience refers to the capacity to fully recover from an unforeseen circumstance or occurrence, as well as the degree of disturbance that a system can tolerate before altering the variables and processes that govern its behavior [22,23]: it increases people's quality of life [24] and people's proper access to resources [25]. Higher resilience levels help society recover from dangerous situations [13] and takes society towards sustainability [26]; however, if environmental and social conditions are not considered, efforts to achieve sustainability are incomplete [27][28][29]. Resilience is understood to be the systems' and the risk-exposed cities' prospective capacity to adjust to or resist change to reach or sustain an adequate level of performance and structure [30,31] where risk and uncertainties are growing.…”