Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Burden, and Mortality in the Middle East

Macina, Denis; Evans, Keith E.

doi:10.1007/s40121-021-00440-8

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…While the surveillance data are insufficient in the Middle East, there was an alteration in reported pertussis cases in 2019 including nine in the United Arab Emirates, 78 in Lebanon, 242 in Iran, and 302 in Syria [24]. Data from the Middle East region suggest that pertussis is an extensive concern and that it might be affecting older age groups [24]. A few countries in the Middle East region administer a Tdap booster for adolescents.…”

Section: Middle Eastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although pertussis is often considered a childhood disease, approximately 32% of all notified pertussis cases in England in 2019 were in people aged C 45 years [49]. While adolescent and adult infections remain underrecognized and undiagnosed, they can be a source of transmission to higher risk groups, including as neonates and the patients with chronic diseases [24]. Although 1.4-7.5% of individuals 10--19 years of age and 3.5-5.7% of individuals C 20 years of age required hospitalization, older individuals may require longer hospitalization.…”

Section: Burden Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Present and Future Aspects of Life-Long Pertussis Prevention: Narrative Review with Regional Perspectives for Türkiye

Pehlivan,

Dinleyici,

Kara

et al. 2023

Infect Dis Ther

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Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains one of the most widespread, contagious, and vaccine-preventable diseases. It results in notable morbidity and mortality as well as severe medical, social, and economic burden. Despite high global vaccine coverage, pertussis continues to be a significant epidemiologic problem, with outbreak episodes every few years just as in the pre-vaccination era. In Tu ¨rkiye, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the current burden of pertussis in different age and risk groups, leading to underdiagnosis and underreporting of the disease, especially in adults who are often not considered at risk. Available data from Tu ¨rkiye also reveal inadequate levels of protective antibodies in preterm newborns, emphasizing the need for additional preventive measures. Authors stated that improving physician awareness of pertussis symptoms in patients with prolonged cough, increasing access to routine pertussis tests, and

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Section: Middle Eastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Burden Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Present and Future Aspects of Life-Long Pertussis Prevention: Narrative Review with Regional Perspectives for Türkiye

Pehlivan,

Dinleyici,

Kara

et al. 2023

Infect Dis Ther

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“…Современные вакцины против коклю ша, как цельноклеточные, так и бесклеточные, Практические аспекты эпидемиологии и вакцинопрофилактики Practical Aspects of Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention обеспечивают защиту от клинических проявлений болезни более чем 85% привитых, что подтверж дается многочисленными клиническими испытани ями. Несмотря на это, во всем мире наблюдается возрождение коклюша [1]. В Северной Америке и Европе высокий охват вакцинацией детей при вёл к смещению возрастного пика заболеваемости от младенцев к детям старшего возраста и под росткам [1].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Несмотря на это, во всем мире наблюдается возрождение коклюша [1]. В Северной Америке и Европе высокий охват вакцинацией детей при вёл к смещению возрастного пика заболеваемости от младенцев к детям старшего возраста и под росткам [1]. В развивающихся странах 90% бреме ни инфекции приходится на младенцев [1].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…В Северной Америке и Европе высокий охват вакцинацией детей при вёл к смещению возрастного пика заболеваемости от младенцев к детям старшего возраста и под росткам [1]. В развивающихся странах 90% бреме ни инфекции приходится на младенцев [1]. Однако оптимальные стратегии улучшения контроля ко клюша остаются неопределёнными, поскольку на дёжные данные о заболеваемости и эпиднадзоре скудны, особенно в развивающихся странах [2].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Analysis of a Serological Study of Pertussis among Children and Adolescents in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Smagul

Yeraliyeva²,

Kuatbayeva

et al. 2023

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention

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Relevance. In 2018 over 151 000 cases of whooping cough were reported worldwide. In the Republic of Kazakhstan the incidence of whooping cough has always remained relevant. The incidence is recorded mainly among children under 14 years of age, whose share is 96–100% of the total incidence in certain years. It should also be noted that 82,9–96% of sick people are not vaccinated against whooping cough. Aims. Assessment of the duration of protection after vaccination against pertussis infection in Kazakhstan using antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) and (IgA and IgG) as a specific marker of pertussis infection or vaccination in children and adolescents in the cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Aktobe, Karaganda, Taldykorgan, Shymkent for evaluation appropriate age for booster vaccination. Materials and methods. For the study included medical organizations in the cities of Aktobe, Karaganda, Taldykorgan, Shymkent. Participants aged 10–14 years who were hospitalized in children's hospitals and 15–18 years old who visited polyclinics were invited to participate in the study. Each city has 1 children's hospital (4 in total) and 2 polyclinics (8 in total). A total of 520 people of different age groups participated. Study period: February 2021 – October 2021. Inclusion criteria were such aspects as: age from 10 years to 18 years 11 months 29 days, informed consent obtained from parents or guardian(s) and patient consent, enrollment after visiting the clinic, the presence of documented evidence of immune status. An association between two qualitative variables is considered statistically significant if the p-value calculated using the Chi-squared test is less than 0.05. Results. Among 520 participants aged 10–14 years – 200 (38.5%) and 15–18 years – 320 (61.5%), including boys – 284 (54.6%), girls – 236 (45.4%). The largest number of study participants was aged 15, 16 and 17 years, 10 participants (1.9%) had periods of prolonged coughing in the past 6 months. The first, second and third pertussis vaccines were received by 100% of children. The first and second vaccine for all children was the Adsorbed Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine (DPT). The third vaccine for 519 children was also DPT, for one child – AbDPT, due to the transition to a cell-free vaccine from the second half of 2013. The additional vaccine scheduled at 18 months of age was given to 519 participants (99.8%), of which 517 children (99.6%) received DPT and two children (0.4%) DPT. Just over half of the children (276 or 53.1%) also received the whooping cough vaccine at age 6. In biological blood samples of 17 participants (3.3%). antibodies of the IgA class were detected in 245 samples (47.1%) – antibodies of the IgG class. Of the 17 participants with IgA antibodies, 15 also tested positive for IgG. In total antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes were detected in 247 participants which amounted to 47.5%. Conclusions. This study showed the duration of protection after pertussis vaccination in Kazakhstan among different age groups. In total, antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes were detected in 247 participants out of 520 which amounted to 47.5%. IgA antibodies were detected in biological blood samples in 17 participants (3.3%), IgG class antibodies in 245 samples (47.1%). The prevalence of IgA antibodies was statistically significantly higher among older children and among children who had respiratory symptoms in the 6 months prior to the study. The prevalence of IgG antibodies was statistically significantly higher among children vaccinated against whooping cough at the age of 6 years (47.1%) and at the age of 10–14 years (56.2%) than in the age group of 15–18 years (43.8%) and also significantly higher among those, who share a bedroom with other family members compared to children living in separate rooms. Thus an increase in whooping cough and a decrease in protective vaccine immunity among older age groups can be stated which raises concerns about transmission of the infection in the home to vulnerable children and the need to strengthen vaccination strategies.

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US Infant Pertussis Incidence Trends Before and After Implementation of the Maternal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccine

et al. 2023

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ImportanceInfants younger than 1 year have the highest burden of pertussis morbidity and mortality. In 2011, the US introduced tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination during pregnancy to protect infants before vaccinations begin.ObjectiveTo assess the association of maternal Tdap vaccination during pregnancy with the incidence of pertussis among infants in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this ecologic study, a time-trend analysis was performed of infant pertussis cases reported through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019, in the US. Statistical analysis was performed from April 1, 2020, to October 31, 2022.ExposuresMaternal Tdap vaccination during pregnancy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPertussis incidence rates were calculated and compared between 2 periods—the pre–maternal Tdap vaccination period (2000-2010) and the post–maternal Tdap vaccination period (2012-2019)—for 2 age groups: infants younger than 2 months (target group of maternal vaccination) and infants aged 6 months to less than 12 months (comparison group). Incidence rate differences between the 2 age groups were modeled using weighted segmented linear regression. The slope difference between the 2 periods was estimated to assess the association of maternal Tdap vaccination with pertussis incidence among infants.ResultsA total of 57 460 pertussis cases were reported in infants younger than 1 year between 2000 and 2019; 19 322 cases (33.6%) were in infants younger than 2 months. During the pre–maternal Tdap vaccination period, annual pertussis incidence did not change among infants younger than 2 months (slope, 3.29 per 100 000 infants per year; P = .28) but increased slightly among infants aged 6 months to less than 12 months (slope, 2.10 per 100 000 infants per year; P = .01). There was no change in the difference in incidence between the 2 age groups (slope, 0.08 per 100 000 infants per year; P = .97) during the pre–maternal Tdap vaccination period overall. However, in the post–maternal Tdap vaccination period, incidence decreased among infants younger than 2 months (slope, −14.53 per 100 000 infants per year; P = .001) while remaining unchanged among infants aged 6 months to less than 12 months (slope, 1.42 per 100 000 infants per year; P = .29). The incidence rate difference between the 2 age groups significantly decreased during the post–maternal Tdap vaccination period (slope, −14.43 per 100 000 infants per year; P &lt; .001). Pertussis incidence rate differences were significantly different between the pre–maternal and post–maternal Tdap vaccination periods (slope difference, −14.51 per 100 000 infants per year; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, following maternal Tdap vaccine introduction, a sustained decrease in pertussis incidence was observed among infants younger than 2 months, narrowing the incidence gap with infants aged 6 months to less than 12 months. These findings suggest that maternal Tdap vaccination is associated with a reduction in pertussis burden in the target age group (&lt;2 months) and that further increases in coverage may be associated with additional reductions in infant disease.

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Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Burden, and Mortality in the Middle East

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

The Present and Future Aspects of Life-Long Pertussis Prevention: Narrative Review with Regional Perspectives for Türkiye

The Present and Future Aspects of Life-Long Pertussis Prevention: Narrative Review with Regional Perspectives for Türkiye

Analysis of a Serological Study of Pertussis among Children and Adolescents in the Republic of Kazakhstan

US Infant Pertussis Incidence Trends Before and After Implementation of the Maternal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccine

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