Boreal mixedwood forests may have no “representative” areas: some implications for reserve design

Cumming, Steven G.; Burton, P. J.; Klinkenberg, Brian

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1996.tb00166.x

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, natural systems (such as the boreal forest) are dynamic and thus continuously changing on both shortand long-time horizons. A number of different natural states may thus exist for any given area (Sprugel 1991, Cumming et al 1996. The challenge is, therefore, to find a reliable way of determining the natural variation that exists within an area on different soil types and for climatic conditions similar to the present.…”

Section: Ecological Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking and acting differently for sustainable management of the boreal forest

Messier¹,

Kneeshaw²

1999

The Forestry Chronicle

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e e s h a w~ Sustainable forest management has replaced sustained yield as L'amknagement forestier durable a remplacC le rendement the new management strategy for most countries and forest soutenu en tant que nouvelle stratkgie d'amknagement pour la plucompanies. This concept has generated a lot of interest and dispart des pays et des entreprises forestibres. Ce concept a gCnkr6 cussion, and a great deal of effort is being made to modify curbeaucoup d'int66t et de discussions, et une grande partie des efforts rent forestry practices to be sustainable. In this paper, we argue est maintenant consacrCe h modifier les pratiques forestibres that the still somewhat vague concept of sustainable forest manactuelles pour qu'elles soient durables. Dans cet exposk, nous agement calls for a substantial modification in our way of thinksoutenons que le concept quelque peu encore vague d'amknageing about and practising forestry. TO move towad that goal, we ment forestier durable nkcessite une modification substantielle de recognize important social and economic challenges to sustainnotre faqon de penser et de pratiquer la foresterie. Pour se diriger able management and suggest nine essential notions: 1) manage Ven cet objectic nous soulign0~ swiaux etkonomiques the forest ecosystem as a whole and not in parts nor only for the importants associks AyamCnagement forestier et nous sugcrop species; 2) conserve a significant proportion of the boreal g e r~n~ neuf notions primordiales : 1) amknager 1'kcosystbme forest (i.e., at least 12%); 3) practice intensive forestry on a forestier 'Omme une entit' et ' On ' Omme des parties et pas small portion of the land to recover the fibre lost from notions 1 seulement pour les es@ces d'int6ret; 2, prkserver line ~~o~o d o " and 2; 4) strive for innovation in thinking and acting; 5) foster significative de la forst borCale (c'est-&-dire, au moins 12 %); 3) and development to support notion 4; 6) balance regional needs pratiquer une foresterie intensive sur une petite partie du territoire with that of the global 7) encourage public participour rkcupkrer la matibre ligneuse perdue en 1 et 2; 4) s'efforcer pation; 8) consider the impact of substantial change in climate over de penser et d'agir de faqon innovatrice; 5) stimuler la recherche the next 100 years (or next rotation); and 9) substitute regulations et le dkveloppement pour soutenir le point 4; 6) kquilibrer les besoins rkgionaux avec ceux de la cornrnunautC mondiale ; 7) encourager that are adaptive for those that are restrictive. An example of the du public; 8) considCrer du changekind of silviculture that could be used in ecosystem management merit imponant dans ie climat au tours des prochaines for the black spruce forest is also discussed.annkes (ou la prochaine r6volution); et 9) remplacer les r&glements restrictifs par des rkglements flexibles. Un exemple du genre de Key words: sustainabilit~, ecosystem management, boreal forsylviculmre qui pourrit Ptre utilis~e en amknagement des Ccosysest, socio-economic and biophysical concerns...

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Section: Ecological Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking and acting differently for sustainable management of the boreal forest

Messier¹,

Kneeshaw²

1999

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…In real landscapes fi res that are large in relation to landscape size may be common, producing irregular and erratic time-since-fi re distributions (Baker 1989, Cumming et al 1996, Boychuk et al 1997. Therefore the simulation results must be interpreted as theoretical mean age distributions.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest age distribution under mixed-severity fire regimes – a simulation-based analysis for middle boreal Fennoscandia

Pennanen¹

2002

Silva Fenn.

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Pennanen, J. 2002. Forest age distribution under mixed-severity fi re regimes -a simulationbased analysis for middle boreal Fennoscandia. Silva Fennica 36(1): 213-231.A simulation model was used to study the age structure of unmanaged forest landscapes under different fi re regimes. Stand age was defi ned as the age of the oldest tree cohort in a stand. When most fi res are not stand-replacing, the theoretical equilibrium stand age distribution is either bell-shaped or bimodal and dominated by old age-classes. Old-growth forests (oldest cohort > 150 y) dominate the landscape unless fi res are both frequent and severe. Simulation results and analytical calculations show that if a regime of frequent fi res (about every 50 y) maintains landscapes dominated by old-growth forests, then old-growth dominance persists when the number of fi res is decreased, despite the associated increase in fi re severity. Simulation results were applied to Pinus sylvestrisdominated landscapes of middle boreal Fennoscandia, which according to empirical results were dominated by old-growth forests when fi res were frequent during the 19th century. Since the changes in the fi re regime can be plausibly explained by changes in the number of human-caused ignitions, old-growth forests have evidently also dominated the landscapes earlier when fi res were less frequent. The simulation model is used to produce plausible age distributions of middle boreal Fennoscandian forest landscapes under different historical fi re regimes. In summary, the frequency of large-scale disturbance alone predicts forest landscape dynamics poorly, and the roles played by fi re severity and residual stands need to be considered carefully. Maintaining and restoring oldgrowth structures is essential to regaining the natural variability of Fennoscandian forest landscapes.

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“…An alternative to protection of old growth is to plan for its restoration and regeneration as part of a management plan designed to retain a component of old growth in a forested landscape. Natural, or unmanaged, landscapes appear to differ in their stand and age structures, and few exhibit the structure expected of a region in equilibrium with a constant wildfire regime (Johnson et al 1995, Cumming et al 1996. The theoretical equilibrium age structure for a landscape is typically described by a negative exponential or Weibull survivorship distribution (Johnson and Van Wagner 1985), characterised by large areas of young stands and progressively less area in stands of successively greater age.…”

Section: Old-growth Rarity and Natural Disturbance Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing forest harvesting to maintain old growth in boreal and sub-boreal forests

Burton¹,

Kneeshaw²,

Coates³

1999

The Forestry Chronicle

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Old-growth stands can be rare in northern coniferous forests, Dans les for& conifCriennes nordiques les vieux peupleand hence are worthy of protection and special management. We ments sont souvent rares et mentent done une stratkgie de prodescribe some quantitative guidelines for recognizing old-growth tection et de gestion spCciale. Nous dkcrivons quelques constands and options for maintaining a long-term supply of old-growth seils quantitatifs pour recomaitre les for& anciennes et des values in landscapes managed for timber production. In the Suboptions pour le maintien B long-term des valeurs associCes B ces Boreal Spruce forests of central British Columbia, attributes peuplements dans les paysages amCnagCs pour la production de most indicative of old-growth status include stand age, the denmati2re ligneuse. Les attributs le plus indicatif du stade de foret sity of large (>1.0 m3) snags and downed logs, stand basal area ancienne dans la pessi2re sous-borCale de la Colombie Britannique and volume. It is suggested that partial cutting could occur in some incluent 1'Bge de peuplement, la densit6 de gros (>lm3) chicots old-growth stands, while still maintaining their structural and funcet de troncs B terre, la surface terrikre et le volume de bois. Les tional attributes, if large logs, snags and trees are retained at the attributs structuraux et fonctionaux des vieilles for& pourraient threshold densities necessary to recognise old-growth status. At 6tre maintenues lors des coupes partielles si les grands tmncs, chicots the landscape level, the use of extended timber crop rotations is et arbres soqt conservCs au-dessus du seuil dkfini pour les fortits advocated. Planning for a tapered forest age class distribution (with anciennes. A 1'Cchelle du paysage, ces for& pourraient Etre decreasing areas of forest allowed to persist to successively maintenues en utilisant les rotations forestibres Ctendues. La older ages) is suggested as a means of sustainably generating true planification d'une distribution dCcroissante de classe d' figes old-growth, and as an alternative to the use of partial cutting and (la superficie de forCt dans chaque classe d'2ge diminue dans le patch retention. Arithmetic formulas are developed which protemps) est suggCd comme un moyen de produire des vieilles foSts.vide guidelines for the proportion of the forest land base to be kept Cette technique est aussi une alternative aux coupes partielles et in each successive age class. This model for regulating human dis-B la conservation de parcelles forestikres dans les coupes B turbance in commercial forests holds promise as a mechanism for blancs. Les formules arithmktiques sont dCveloppCes afin de allowing continued timber harvest and even-aged stand management dCterminer la proportion du temtoire forestier B garder dans while retaining a near-natural proportion of old-growth forest in chaque classe d'3ge. Ce mo&le, de pldlcation de perturbations northern landscapes.anthropiques dans les for& cornrnerciales est prometteur pour le maintien et la ge...

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Boreal mixedwood forests may have no “representative” areas: some implications for reserve design

Cited by 54 publications

References 38 publications

Thinking and acting differently for sustainable management of the boreal forest

Thinking and acting differently for sustainable management of the boreal forest

Forest age distribution under mixed-severity fire regimes – a simulation-based analysis for middle boreal Fennoscandia

Managing forest harvesting to maintain old growth in boreal and sub-boreal forests

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